Intensive Care (ICU), Mechanical Ventilation, Pain Perception
Conditions
Keywords
mechanical ventilation, intensive care, intubation, pain
Brief summary
A significant proportion of patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) require mechanical ventilation, and the treatments applied during this process may cause pain. Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Although it is associated with delirium and agitation, pain is often an overlooked symptom in ICU patients, and a large proportion of mechanically ventilated patients continue to experience moderate to severe pain. The most common type of pain in critically ill patients is nociceptive pain, which may result from invasive procedures such as tracheal intubation, catheter insertion, aspiration, wound care, and patient repositioning. Additionally, the noisy and unfamiliar ICU environment and patients' inability to express themselves may further increase the perception of pain. Regular assessment of pain is associated with many positive outcomes, including more effective pain management, appropriate use of analgesic and sedative medications, and shorter duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay. Although self-reporting of pain is considered the gold standard, many patients receiving mechanical ventilation are unable to communicate their pain. Therefore, various behavioral pain assessment scales are used to evaluate pain in ICU patients. One of these tools is the Behavioral Indicators of Pain Scale (Escala de Conductas Indicadoras de Dolor - ESCID), which was developed to assess pain in critically ill adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation who are unable to communicate. However, a Turkish version of this scale has not yet been developed. Therefore, the aim of this study is to translate the ESCID scale into Turkish, perform its cultural adaptation, and test the validity and reliability of the Turkish version.
Interventions
OTHERThe ESCID scale
ESCID scale will be applied to 50 intubated ICU patients to assess pain through behavioral indicators. The study evaluate the Turkish validity and reliability of the ESCID scale.
Sponsors
Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi
Fenerbahce University
Goztepe Prof Dr Suleyman Yalcın City Hospital
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
DIAGNOSTIC
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 85 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Individuals aged 18 years and older * Patients who are intubated, receiving mechanical ventilation, and unable to establish verbal communication (Glasgow Coma Scale score \<14) * Patients who have been hospitalized in the intensive care unit for at least 24 hours
Exclusion criteria
* Presence of postoperative complications * Hemodynamic instability * History of diagnosed cognitive or psychiatric disorders * History of epilepsy or use of neuromuscular blocking agents * History of spinal cord injury affecting motor function of all four extremities * Individuals with a Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) score of -5 (unresponsive) * Cases with suspected brain death
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| The Behavioral Indicators of Pain Scale (ESCID) | 5 month | ESCID evaluates pain based on observable behavioral indicators, including facial expression, calmness, muscle tone, comfort level, and adaptation to mechanical ventilation. Each item is scored from 0 to 2, and the total score reflects the patient's level of pain. The application of ESCID allows systematic and objective pain assessment in patients who cannot self-report their pain. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Contacts
CONTACTMehmet Burak Uyaroğlu, Asst Prof
CONTACTEsra Pehlivan, Prof Dr
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORMehmet Burak Uyaroğlu, Asst Prof
Fenerbahce University
STUDY_DIRECTOREsra Pehlivan, Prof Dr
Saglik Bilimleri University
STUDY_CHAIRHasan Kocoglu, Prof Dr
Medeniyet University
Outcome results
None listed