E-Athletes, Musculoskeletal Health, Physical Fitness, Sedentary Behavior
Conditions
Keywords
E-Sports, Physical Fitness, Professional Gamers, Amateur Gamers, Sedentary Lifestyle, Musculoskeletal Health, Reaction Time, Balance, Aerobic Capacity
Brief summary
The aim of this observational cross-sectional study is to compare the physical fitness characteristics of professional and amateur e-sports players and to determine whether differences exist between the two groups in terms of physical fitness parameters.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Istinye University
Study design
Observational model
CASE_CONTROL
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 30 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Adults aged 18 to 30 years * Able to read and understand Turkish * Professional e-sports players: * ≥25 hours per week of structured gaming * Affiliated with a competitive team or organization * Participates in official tournaments at least once per month * Receives income or sponsorship related to gaming Amateur e-sports players: * ≤15 hours per week of recreational gaming * Not affiliated with a professional team or league * Does not receive income or sponsorship from gaming * Voluntary agreement to participate and provide informed consent
Exclusion criteria
* History of respiratory, cardiovascular, or neurological disorders * History of surgery within the last 6 months * Current use of medication that may affect physical performance * Currently undergoing physical therapy or rehabilitation * Any musculoskeletal injury that may impair performance during physical fitness testing.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BlazePod Reaction Time | At baseline | Reaction time will be assessed using the BlazePod wireless light system. Participants will respond to randomized visual stimuli by tapping illuminated pods as quickly as possible. The mean reaction time (milliseconds) from three trials will be used for analysis. Lower values indicate faster reaction performance. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test | At baseline | Total distance (meters) completed during the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test, reflecting cardiorespiratory endurance. |
| Hand Grip Strength | At baseline | Maximum grip strength (kg) measured using a Camry EH101 dynamometer. The highest value from two trials per hand will be recorded. |
| Wall Sit Test | At baseline | Total time (seconds) participants maintain a 90-degree wall sit position, indicating lower-limb muscular endurance. |
| Push-Up Test | At baseline | Total number of correctly performed push-ups completed without rest, representing upper-body muscular endurance. |
| Sit-and-Reach Test | At baseline | Maximum reach distance (cm) achieved during flexibility assessment. |
| Body Mass Index | At baseline | BMI calculated as weight (kg) divided by height (m²). |
| Y-Balance Test | At baseline | Normalized reach distance (%) in anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions to assess dynamic balance. |
| Countermovement Jump | At baseline | Maximum vertical jump height (cm) calculated using the difference between standing reach and jump reach. |
| IPAQ-SF | At baseline | Total physical activity expressed in MET-minutes per week. |
| SBQ | At baseline | Total daily sedentary time (hours/day) calculated from questionnaire responses. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Contacts
CONTACTAbdelrahman Torky
CONTACTBegüm Kara Kaya
Outcome results
None listed