Maternal Anxiety, Stress
Conditions
Keywords
non-stress test, music intervention, maternal anxiety, autonomic regulation, fetal reactivity, ney music
Brief summary
This randomized controlled trial evaluates the effects of listening to ney music during routine non-stress testing (NST) on maternal psychological and physiological responses and fetal reactivity. Maternal anxiety during NST may activate sympathetic pathways and potentially influence fetal heart rate patterns. A total of 126 pregnant women at ≥32 weeks' gestation were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (ney music during NST) or a control group (standard NST care). Maternal state anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State), perceived stress and anxiety (DASS-21), blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and NST reactivity were assessed before and after the procedure. The primary objective is to determine whether ney music reduces acute maternal state anxiety during NST. Secondary objectives include evaluating its effects on autonomic physiological parameters and fetal NST reactivity.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALNey Music
Listening to prerecorded ney music through headphones during the 20-minute NST procedure.
Sponsors
Hediye Karakoç
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 35 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
were: * age ≥18 years, * gestational age ≥32 weeks, * singleton pregnancy, * absence of known fetal cardiovascular anomalies, * no visual or hearing impairments, * having eaten at least two hours before the NST, * bladder emptied prior to the procedure, * voluntary participation.
Exclusion criteria
included: * pre-existing maternal medical conditions (hypertension, diabetes, obesity), * multiple pregnancy, * smoking, * known fetal abnormalities or fetal distress, * inherited anemia or sexually transmitted infections.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| State Anxiety (STAI-S Score) | Immediately before NST and immediately after NST (20 minutes) | Change in maternal state anxiety measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S) before and immediately after the non-stress test (NST). |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | Before and immediately after NST (20 minutes) |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | Before and immediately after NST (20 minutes) |
| Heart Rate (beats per minute) | Before and immediately after NST (20 minutes) |
| Respiratory Rate (breaths per minute) | Before and immediately after NST (20 minutes) |
| Oxygen Saturation (%) | Before and immediately after NST (20 minutes) |
| NST Reactivity (Reactive vs Non-reactive) | During 20-minute NST session |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed