Elite Table Tennis Players
Conditions
Keywords
elite table tennis players, shoulder electromyography, trunk kinematics, trunk electromyography
Brief summary
This research will analyze and compare the muscle activation levels, muscle recruitment timing, trunk kinematics, and shoulder joint kinematics between the four forehand strokes and between elite table tennis players with and without shoulder injuries, providing insights for daily training and rehabilitation programs to reduce the occurrence of sports injuries.
Detailed description
The study participants will be elite table tennis players aged between 13 and 40. Participants must have competed in the Chinese Taipei Table Tennis Ranking Tournament or the National Table Tennis Championships within the past three years and have at least four years of table tennis experience, and train for more than 10 hours per week. The study involves four types of forehand strokes: forehand topspin against topspin, forehand topspin against backspin, forehand stroke, and forehand attack.
Interventions
forehand topspin against topspin, forehand topspin against backspin, forehand stroke, and forehand attack
Sponsors
National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
13 Years to 40 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* The ages range from 13 to 40 years old * Competed in the Chinese Taipei Table Tennis Ranking Tournament or the National Table Tennis Championships within the past three years * At least four years of table tennis experience, and train for more than 10 hours per week
Exclusion criteria
* History of upper limb surgery or fracture * History of shoulder dislocation * History of spine injury in the last year * Systemic autoimmune disease or cancer * Pregnancy * Any neurological complications
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Trunk muscles activation during forehand topspin against topspin, forehand topspin against backspin, forehand stroke, and forehand attack | Immediately during the experiment | The root mean square of electromyography (EMG) data of bilateral erector spinae and bilateral abdominal external oblique will be normalized by the maximum voluntary contraction amplitude (percentage of maximal voluntary contraction, %) |
| Trunk kinematics during forehand topspin against topspin, forehand topspin against backspin, forehand stroke, and forehand attack | Immediately during the experiment | Trunk kinematics, including flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation, were measured in degrees (°) across four conditions: forehand topspin against topspin, forehand topspin against backspin, forehand stroke, and forehand attack. |
| Upper limbs muscles activation during forehand topspin against topspin, forehand topspin against backspin, forehand stroke, and forehand attack | Immediately during the experiment | The root mean square of electromyography (EMG) data of the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, anterior deltoid, and pectoralis Major will be normalized by the maximum voluntary contraction amplitude (percentage of maximal voluntary contraction, %) and calculated over forehand topspin against topspin, forehand topspin against backspin, forehand stroke, and forehand attack. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Trunk mobility | Immediately during the experiment | Range of motion of the thoracolumbar spine, described with degrees (°). |
| Shoulder mobility | Immediately during the experiment | Range of motion of the glenohumeral joint, described with degrees (°). |
| Shoulder motor control | Immediately during the experiment | A clinical assessment of movement quality during shoulder flexion, abduction, external rotation, and internal rotation |
| Trunk motor control | Immediately during the experiment | A clinical assessment of movement quality during trunk rotation |
| Shoulder kinematics during forehand topspin against topspin, forehand topspin against backspin, forehand stroke, and forehand attack | Immediately during the experiment | Shoulder kinematics, including flexion, abduction, horizontal adduction and horizontal adduction, were measured in degrees (°) across four conditions: forehand topspin against topspin, forehand topspin against backspin, forehand stroke, and forehand attack. |
| Trunk muscle strength | Immediately during the experiment | Isometric muscle strength of the erector spinae and external oblique abdominal muscles will be evaluated using a hand-held dynamometer (MicroFET2). Data will be expressed in newton (N). |
| Shoulder muscle strength | Immediately during the experiment | Isometric muscle strength of the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, anterior deltoid and pectoralis major muscles will be evaluated using a hand-held dynamometer (MicroFET2). Data will be expressed in newton (N). |
Countries
Taiwan
Contacts
CONTACTYIN-LIANG LIN
CONTACTHSIU-LI LIN
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORYIN-LIANG LIN
National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
Outcome results
None listed