Obesity & Overweight
Conditions
Keywords
Obesity, Exercise
Brief summary
To analyze the effect of 8 weeks of resistance training with blood flow restriction on muscle strength, clinical parameters, biochemical biomarkers, and perceived exertion in adults with obesity.
Detailed description
Resistance training has been demonstrated to be an effective intervention for improving muscular strength and metabolic profile. According to the available evidence, a moderate-to-high intensity level (60-90% of one-repetition maximum \[1RM\]) is required to achieve optimal outcomes in healthy adults. Blood flow restriction (BFR) training, in turn, has emerged as an innovative strategy that promotes gains comparable or similar to those achieved with moderate-to-high intensity resistance training. It has been proposed as an efficient and safe training alternative in both clinical and non-clinical settings . Current findings identify BFR as a promising, versatile, accessible, and particularly useful tool when moderate-to-high intensity resistance training must be limited or contraindicated. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the effects of 8 weeks of resistance training combined with blood flow restriction on muscular strength, clinical parameters, biochemical biomarkers, and perceived exertion in adults with obesity, providing evidence regarding a potentially safe and effective intervention.
Interventions
OTHERIntervention
The BFR group will perform machine-based quadriceps extension exercises and dumbbell biceps curls involving both lower limbs and both upper limbs. Each exercise will consist of 4 sets of 12 repetitions. Quadriceps extensions will be performed at an intensity of 40% of one-repetition maximum (1RM), and biceps curls at 20% of 1RM. The execution cadence will be standardized to 1 second for the concentric phase and 2 seconds for the eccentric phase. Inter-set rest intervals will be 1 minute. For vascular occlusion, a Carbafix cuff (8 cm width × 68 cm length for the upper limb; 10.5 cm width × 106.0 cm length for the lower limb) will be applied directly to the skin at the most proximal portion of the arm or thigh. The cuff will be inflated to 20 mmHg above resting brachial systolic blood pressure. To ensure partial vascular occlusion, pulse and oxygen saturation will be assessed using a pulse oximeter at the end of each set. Cuff pressure will be released during the inter-set rest periods.
Sponsors
Centro Universitario de Tlajomulco, Universidad de Guadalajara
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 30 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Adults aged 18 to 40 * Both genders * BMI ≥ 30 kg/m\^2 and \< 40 kg/m\^2 * Signed informed consent form
Exclusion criteria
* Participants who smoke * Personal and family history of vascular disease or deep vein thrombosis * Clinical diagnosis of hypothyroidism * Clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus * Clinical diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus * Clinical diagnosis of grade 3 obesity * Clinical diagnosis of hypertension * Clinical diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction or angina pectoris * Use of nitrates and calcium channel blockers within 4 days prior to the start of the study * Use of anticoagulants * Use of beta-blockers or hypoglycemic agents within 7 days prior to the intervention * Pregnant women * Breastfeeding women * Men consuming more than 40 g of alcohol per day or women consuming more than 20 g per day * Postural and biomechanical disorders (knee, foot, and spine)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Weight | Baseline and after 8 weeks | Weight (kg): Changes in weight from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention. |
| Height | Baseline and after 8 weeks | Height (cm): Changes in height from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention |
| Body mass index (BMI) | Baseline and after 8 weeks | BMI (kg/m\^2): Change from Baseline at 8 weeks, calculated by: weight (kg)/ height (m\^2). |
| Body fat percentage | Baseline and after 8 weeks | Body fat percentage (%): Changes in body fat assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) |
| Muscle mass percentage | Baseline and after 8 weeks | Muscle mass percentage (%): Changes in muscle mass measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) |
| Perceived Exertion | Baseline and after 8 weeks | Perceived exertion will be assessed using the Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale (RPE) |
| Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) | Baseline and after 8 weeks | TNF-α (pg/mL): Change from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention |
| Muscle strength | Baseline and after 8 weeks | Muscle strength (kg): Change from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention. Muscle strength will be assessed using dynamometry |
| Dynamic muscle strength | Baseline and after 8 weeks | Dynamic muscle strength (kg): Change from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention. |
| Arm circumference | Baseline and after 8 weeks | Arm circumference (cm): Change from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention. Measurements will be obtained using a non-elastic measuring tape in accordance with the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) protocol |
| Thigh circumference | Baseline and after 8 weeks | Thigh circumference (cm): Change from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention. Measurements will be obtained using a non-elastic measuring tape in accordance with the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) protocol |
| Maximum oxygen uptake (VO₂max) | Baseline and after 8 weeks | VO₂max (ml/min/kg): Change from Baseline at 8 weeks, measured using a submaximal exercise test based on the Åstrand-Ryhming protocol |
| Systolic blood pressure (SBP) | Baseline and after 8 weeks | SBP (mmHg): Changes from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention |
| Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) | Baseline and after 8 weeks | DBP (mmHg): Changes from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention |
| Heart rate | Baseline and after 8 weeks | Heart rate (bpm): Change from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention. |
| Glucose | Baseline and after 8 weeks | Glucose (mg/dl): Changes from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention |
| Triglycerides | Baseline and after 8 weeks | Triglycerides (mg/dl): Changes from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention |
| Total cholesterol | Baseline and after 8 weeks | Total cholesterol (mg/dl): Changes from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention |
| HDL cholesterol | Baseline and after 8 weeks | HDL cholesterol (mg/dl): Changes from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention |
| LDL cholesterol | Baseline and after 8 weeks | LDL cholesterol (mg/dl): Changes from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention |
| C-reactive protein (CRP) | Baseline and after 8 weeks | CRP (mg/dl): Changes from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention |
| Interleukin-6 (IL-6) | Baseline and after 8 weeks | IL-6 (pg/mL):Change from baseline to 8 weeks of intervention. |
| Exercise enjoyment | Baseline and after 8 weeks | Exercise enjoyment will be assessed using the validated Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale Questionnaire (PACES) |
Countries
Mexico
Outcome results
None listed