Disability and Pain Around the Coccyx, Diagnosed With Coccydynia
Conditions
Keywords
Post-colonoscopy Coccydynia, Primal reflex release technique, Pain around coccyx, Numeric Pain Rating Scale
Brief summary
The study was conducted to determine the effects of primal reflex release technique on pain, range of motion and quality of life in post colonoscopy coccydynia
Interventions
Primal Reflex Release Techniques (3 sets of 10 repetitions) that includes the initial assessment to evaluate pain and Rom. PRRT techniques of coccygeal area and pelvic (10-15 minutes) And post treatment evaluation to reassess.
Standardized Physiotherapy treatment was included hot pack for 10 minutes, Hip flexors and pelvic muscles stretching for 3 times with 30 seconds and core stability exercises of pelvic tilts and bridges for 2 sets of 10 seconds. Both groups came thrice per week for a total of 4 weeks. Pre and post treatment values of both groups were analyzed.
Sponsors
Riphah International University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Outcomes Assessor)
Intervention model description
A total of 46 patients were assessed for eligibility criteria by using non-probability consecutive random sampling technique. The participants were randomly allocated into two groups: Group A and Group B. Both groups received standardized as common treatment. Group A received PRRT of coccygeal area and pelvic for three times per week for a total of four weeks. Group B received standardized physiotherapy treatment three times per week for four weeks.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Age group 18-65 year (26) * Both gender (male and female) * Diagnosed with coccydynia post colonoscopy. * Pain in and around the coccyx area without palpation, radiation and tenderness. * No history of significant trauma to the coccyx. * Difficulty in pain-free sitting for long duration.
Exclusion criteria
* Diabetes mellitus * Any malignancy * Active infection * Cyst or cancer in the pelvic region. * Previous coccygeal surgery or trauma. * Pregnancy or breastfeeding. * Major ligament injuries in the pelvic region. * Neurological disorders affecting pain perception.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Numeric Pain Rate Scale (NPRS) | From enrollment to the end of treatment in 10 months | Patient's pain was summarized using numerical scale. It has numbers from 0 to 10. Where 0 is equal to "no pain" and 10 is equal to "worst pain". This scale has high test-retest reliability of r = 0.96 and 0.95, respectively. |
| Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) | From enrollment to the end of treatment in 10 months | Manual muscle testing was used to assess muscle strength. Which can be scored using a 0-10 points using Kendal 10-point muscle strength scale. MMT is the most commonly used method for documenting impairments in muscle strength in both spine and periphery with a kappa value 0.88. |
Countries
Pakistan
Contacts
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORShanza Mahmood, MS-OMPT
Riphah International University
Outcome results
None listed