Dysphagia, Post-stroke, Scale Reliability Validity, Videofluoroscopy
Conditions
Keywords
Dyshagia, Scale reliability validity, Post-stroke, videofluoroscopy, Bolus residue scale
Brief summary
This study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Bolus Residue Scale (BRS) in patients with acute stroke. The study has a methodological, observational, and cross-sectional design. Videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) recordings will be scored independently by trained raters using the BRS. Psychometric properties including construct validity, criterion validity, inter-rater and intra-rater reliability will be analyzed.
Interventions
OTHERNo intervention (observational study)
This study does not involve any therapeutic, behavioral, or procedural intervention. All assessments were performed as part of routine clinical care, and no changes were made to standard treatment or clinical management.
Sponsors
Istanbul Arel University
Hacettepe University
Istinye University
Atlas University
Study design
Observational model
OTHER
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Diagnosis of acute stroke confirmed by neurological and radiological evaluation * Age 18 years and older * Undergoing videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) as part of routine clinical assessment * Ability to participate in swallowing assessment procedures * Provision of written informed consent by the patient or a legal representative
Exclusion criteria
* History of head and neck cancer or head and neck surgery * Pre-existing neurological diseases affecting swallowing (e.g., Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) * Structural abnormalities of the upper aerodigestive tract * Severe cognitive impairment preventing cooperation with assessment procedures * Incomplete or poor-quality VFSS recordings unsuitable for analysis
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Bolus Residue Scale (BRS) | Baseline (during videofluoroscopic swallowing study assessment) | The Bolus Residue Scale (BRS) Turkish version is a videofluoroscopic swallowing assessment tool used to evaluate the severity of pharyngeal residue following swallowing. The scale consists of six ordinal levels, ranging from Grade 1 (no residue) to Grade 6 (severe residue) based on the presence and extent of bolus residue in the pharynx. Higher scores indicate greater pharyngeal residue severity and poorer swallowing efficiency. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Swallowing Safety Assessed by the Penetration-Aspiration Scale | Baseline (during videofluoroscopic swallowing study assessment) | The Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) is an 8-point ordinal scale used during videofluoroscopic swallowing assessment to evaluate the severity of airway invasion. The scale ranges from Score 1 (material does not enter the airway) to Score 8 (material enters the airway, passes below the vocal folds, and no effort is made to eject it). Higher scores indicate more severe penetration or aspiration and poorer airway protection during swallowing. |
| Pharyngeal Residue Assessed by the Yale Residue Scale | Baseline (during videofluoroscopic swallowing study assessment) | The Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale (YPRSRS) is a 5-point ordinal scale used to quantify the severity of pharyngeal residue during videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS). Residue severity is rated separately for the valleculae and pyriform sinuses, with scores ranging from 0 (no residue) to 4 (severe residue) based on the amount of bolus residue remaining after swallowing. Higher scores indicate greater pharyngeal residue and more severe swallowing impairment. |
| Functional Oral Intake Assessment | Baseline (during videofluoroscopic swallowing study assessment) | The Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) is a 7-level ordinal scale used to classify an individual's level of oral intake in patients with dysphagia. The scale ranges from Level 1 (nothing by mouth) to Level 7 (total oral diet with no restrictions), reflecting the degree of functional oral intake. Higher FOIS levels indicate better oral intake ability and improved swallowing function. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed