Postoperative Pain, Preoperative Anxiety, Tonsillectomy
Conditions
Keywords
pain, anxiety, child, surgery
Brief summary
This randomized controlled trial aims to investigate the effects of preoperative sand play therapy on anxiety and pain levels in school-aged children (7-10 years old). The study was conducted with 68 children undergoing tonsillectomy, divided into an experimental group (sand play intervention) and a control group (routine care). Anxiety levels were measured using the Child Anxiety Scale-State (CAAS) and the Yale Modified Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS), while pain levels were assessed using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale. The study evaluates whether sand play before surgery is an effective non-pharmacological method for reducing preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain.
Detailed description
The aim of this randomized controlled study was to evaluate the effect of sand play therapy administered during the preoperative period on anxiety and postoperative pain levels in children undergoing tonsillectomy. Children aged 7 to 10 years were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (sand play therapy) or the control group (routine care). Preoperative anxiety levels were assessed using the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS-C) at baseline (30 minutes before surgery) and immediately prior to anesthesia induction. Postoperative pain was measured 1 hour after surgery using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale. In addition, state anxiety levels were evaluated using the CAM-S scale on the evening before surgery, 30 minutes prior to surgery, and 1 hour postoperatively.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALSand Play Therapy
This randomized controlled trial represents an advancement in considering sand play as an intervention applied in the pre-operative period, and it enhances its applicability and clinical success.
Sponsors
Ondokuz Mayıs University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
Study sample was assigned to experimental and control groups with simple randomization method. Both groups are followed simultaneously from the preoperative period through the postoperative assessment.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
7 Years to 10 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Children aged between 7 and 10 years * Scheduled for tonsillectomy surgery * Able to communicate verbally * No visual, hearing, or cognitive impairment
Exclusion criteria
* History of previous surgery * Diagnosed neurological or developmental disorders * Presence of chronic disease * Postoperative physiological instability
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Children's Anxiety Meter-State (CAM-S) | The evening before surgery, 30 minutes before surgery, and 1 hour after surgery | The Children's Anxiety Meter - State (CAM-S) is a self-report scale used to assess state anxiety in children. The scale ranges from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating higher levels of anxiety. |
| The Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale-Child Version (mYPAS-C) | Baseline (30 minutes before surgery) and immediately before anesthesia induction | The Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale - Child Version (mYPAS-C) is an observational tool used to assess preoperative anxiety in children. The scale consists of 22 items and scores range from 23.33 to 100, with higher scores indicating higher levels of anxiety. |
| Wong Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale | 1 hour after surgery | The Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale is used to assess pain intensity in children. The scale consists of six faces representing increasing pain levels and scores range from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater pain intensity. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Contacts
STUDY_CHAIREsra TURAL BÜYÜK, Assoc. Prof
Ondokuz Mayıs University
Outcome results
None listed