Panic Disorder
Conditions
Keywords
Panic disorder, α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, Nagalase, Macrophage-activating factor, Vitamin D-binding protein
Brief summary
This prospective observational cohort study investigated serum α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase levels in drug-naïve patients with Panic Disorder (PD) at baseline and after six weeks of follow-up and compared them with healthy controls (HC). Associations between enzyme levels, symptom severity, and inflammatory markers were examined. The study aimed to evaluate whether α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase levels are associated with PD symptom severity and inflammatory parameters.
Detailed description
Panic Disorder (PD) is associated with increased inflammatory markers. α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase mediates deglycosylation of vitamin D-binding protein (Gc protein), affecting macrophage activation and immune regulation. Its role in anxiety disorders has not been previously examined. Thirty-three drug-naïve patients with PD and 33 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. Patients with PD were evaluated at baseline and after six weeks of standard clinical treatment. Serum α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase levels were measured using ELISA. DSM-5 Panic Disorder Scale (PDS) scores and complete blood count inflammatory parameters were recorded. No intervention was assigned as part of the research protocol. Participants received routine clinical care.
Interventions
OTHERNo intervention was assigned as part of the research protocol.
No intervention was assigned as part of the research protocol.
Sponsors
Elazığ Mental Health and Diseases Hospital
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
1. For Panic Disorder (PD) Group: * Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥18 years and \<65 years * Diagnosis of PD according to DSM-5-TR * Drug-naïve at baseline *
Exclusion criteria
* Age \<18 years and \>65 years * Any psychiatric diagnosis other than PD * Active alcohol or substance use disorder * Significant medical illness * Incomplete follow-up 2. For Healthy Control (HC) Group: * Inclusion Criteria: • Age ≥18 years and \<65 years *
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase | Baseline and 6 weeks | Serum α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase levels measured by ELISA (ng/mL). |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| DSM-5 Panic Disorder Scale (PDS) Score | Baseline and 6 weeks | Change in DSM-5 Panic Disorder Scale (PDS) Score for Panic Disorder group (The PDS is a 10-item self-assessment scale developed by the American Psychiatric Association and provides a 5-point Likert-type rating (0=never; 1=sometimes; 2=half of the time; 3=most of the time, 4=all of the time). When completing the scale, participants consider how much Panic Disorder has affected their private lives in the last seven days. Higher scores indicate that Panic Disorder is severe. |
| α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase and neutrophil count correlation | Baseline | In the Panic Disorder group, the correlation between serum α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase level (ng/ml) and neutrophil count (10⁶/µL), a parameter of complete blood count, was examined. |
| Logistic regression prediction of PD diagnosis | Baseline | Binary hierarchical logistic regression analysis was used; Model Summary: In beginning block, -2 log-likelihood=91.495; In block one, -2 log-likelihood=86.660a, Cox \& Snell R2=0.071; Nagelkerke R2 0.094, Hosmer and Lemeshov test p=0.518; In block two, -2 log-likelihood=47.497a, Cox \& Snell R2=0.487; Nagelkerke R2 0.649, Hosmer and Lemeshov test p=0.737. According to the binary logistic regression analysis, the sensitivity of our model was 78.8, and the specificity was 81.8 percent. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Contacts
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORMehmet Hamdi ÖRÜM, MD
Elazığ Mental Health and Diseases Hospital
Outcome results
None listed