Diabetes (DM), Dyslipidemia, Metabolically Unhealty Obese, Obesity, Resistance, Insulin
Conditions
Keywords
Low-calorie diet rich in medium-chain triglycerides, Traditional Minangkabau foods, Coconut oil, Metabolic biomarkers, Anthropometric parameters
Brief summary
This study aims to investigate the effect of a low-calorie diet rich in medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) based on traditional Minangkabau foods on metabolic biomarkers in individuals with obesity. The traditional Minangkabau foods used in this study consist primarily of coconut milk-based dishes, which contain coconut oil as a natural source of MCTs. The metabolic biomarkers assessed include body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body fat percentage, fasting blood glucose levels, lipid profile, leptin concentrations, and DNA methylation of the leptin gene promoter. Based on these metabolic biomarker measurements, participants will be classified into metabolic obesity phenotypes, namely metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO). The researchers hypothesize that the provision of a low-calorie, MCT-rich diet based on traditional Minangkabau foods will have a significant effect on metabolic biomarkers and metabolic status in individuals with obesity.
Detailed description
This study was conducted within the Faculty of Medicine and the Faculty of Public Health at Andalas University, Padang, and received ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University. The study population consisted of educational staff with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 25 kg/m². Study participants were educational staff who agreed to participate and provided written informed consent. A total of 40 participants were included in the study, comprising 20 participants in the intervention group and 20 participants in the control group. The study was conducted over a period of 12 weeks (90 days). One week prior to the intervention, dietary intake was assessed using the 24-hour food recall method. Anthropometric measurements were performed using calibrated instruments by trained personnel. Participants in both the intervention and control groups underwent a one-week pre-intervention period (baseline period, from day -6 to day 0), during which they were instructed not to consume any supplements. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, body fat percentage, fasting blood glucose levels, lipid profile, leptin concentrations, and DNA methylation of the leptin gene promoter were assessed on day 0 and day 90. Dietary intake data obtained from the 24-hour food recall interviews were analyzed using the NutriSurvey 2005 software. The dietary intervention was designed to provide an energy deficit of 500-600 kcal compared with participants' habitual daily intake. The diet was based on traditional Minangkabau foods. Participants in the intervention group were provided with daily menu plans for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. The dietary intervention was prepared independently by participants in accordance with the dietary guidelines and menus provided. In contrast, the control group followed a standard nutritionally balanced diet according to individual requirements. Participants were instructed to record their daily food intake in a food diary, which was collected and evaluated twice weekly (on weekdays and weekends). In addition, the research team monitored and motivated all participants through WhatsApp groups. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software.
Interventions
OTHERLow-Calorie Diet Rich in Medium-Chain Triglycerides (MCTs) Based on Traditional Minangkabau Foods
Participants in the intervention group received a nutritionally balanced low-calorie diet rich in medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) derived from traditional Minangkabau foods. The dietary intervention was designed to provide an energy deficit of 500-600 kcal compared with participants' habitual daily intake. Assessments were conducted before and after the intervention period.
Sponsors
Andalas University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
Pre-post clinical trial * Intervention group (low-calorie diet rich in medium-chain triglycerides \[MCTs\] based on traditional Minangkabau foods) * Control group (standard nutritionally balanced diet)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Administrative staff of the Faculty of Medicine and the Faculty of Public Health, Andalas University, Padang, with obesity defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m². * Willing to participate in the study by providing written informed consent. * Participants with obesity classified as Metabolically Unhealthy Obese (MUHO)
Exclusion criteria
* Did not come and could not be found at the time of research data collection * Unable to follow the dietary arrangements as set * Taking anti-diabetic or anti-lipid drugs * Use of contraceptives or hormonal drugs * In the treatment of radiotherapy or chemotherapyi * Participants with obesity classified as Metabolically Healthy Obese (MHO)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline in body mass index (BMI). | After 12 weeks | BMI is calculated as body weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters (kg/m²). |
| Change from baseline in waist circumference. | After 12 weeks | Waist circumference is measured around the abdomen at the level of the umbilicus. |
| Change from baseline in body fat percentage | After 12 weeks | Body fat percentage is assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). |
| Change from baseline in systolic and diastolic blood pressure | After 12 weeks | Blood pressure is measured using a digital tensimeter. |
| Change from baseline in fasting blood glucose levels. | After 12 weeks | Fasting blood glucose levels are measured using a clinical chemistry analyzer. |
| Change from baseline in lipid profile. | After 12 weeks | The lipid profile includes total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Measurements are performed using a clinical chemistry analyzer (photometer). |
| Change from baseline in serum leptin. | After 12 weeks | Serum leptin concentrations are measured using appropriate laboratory methods (ELISA). |
| Change from baseline in DNA methylation of the leptin gene promoter. | After 12 weeks | DNA methylation status of the leptin gene promoter is assessed using MSP (Methylation-Specific PCR). |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in metabolic status. | After 12 weeks | Metabolic status is classified into Metabolically Healthy Obesity (MHO) and Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity (MUHO) based on the number of metabolic abnormalities present. * MHO is defined as the presence of 0-1 metabolic abnormality. * MUHO is defined as the presence of ≥2 metabolic abnormalities. These metabolic abnormalities included elevated fasting blood glucose levels, increased blood pressure, enlarged waist circumference, elevated triglyceride levels, and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. |
Countries
Indonesia
Contacts
CONTACTNur Indrawaty Lipoeto, Professor
CONTACTNola Vita Sari
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORNur Indrawaty Lipoeto, Professor
Universitas Andalas
Outcome results
None listed