End of Life Care, Media Use, Television Viewing, Violent Aggressive Behavior
Conditions
Keywords
violence, aggression, death, dying, medical tv shows
Brief summary
Medical TV dramas have become very popular in recent years. These shows are mainly created for entertainment and often do not reflect what really happens in hospitals. However, television plays an important role in sharing information, shaping how people think, and teaching the public about medicine. Death and dying in hospitals, especially in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), are highly emotional experiences. In real life, these situations often turn out very differently from what patients and families expect. Because of this, it is important to understand how medical TV shows portray major hospital events such as end-of-life care, death, and the delivery of bad news. When what is shown on TV does not match the reality of ICU care, it can lead to unrealistic expectations, false hope, and greater distress for patients and their families at the end of life. At the same time, violence and aggression towards healthcare providers have increased in recent years. This can include verbal abuse as well as physical attacks. Looking at how healthcare workers are treated in medical TV shows may help us understand whether these programmes influence what behaviour is seen as acceptable. Since violence against healthcare staff has become especially concerning since the COVID-19 pandemic, the possible role of media should not be ignored, even though many factors are involved. This study aims to describe how death and dying are shown in popular medical TV series and to explore how violence or aggression towards healthcare providers is portrayed in these settings.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
King's College Hospital NHS Trust
University of Witten/Herdecke
Study design
Observational model
CASE_ONLY
Time perspective
RETROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Any are clearly visible and/or audible, intentional acts of violence occurring as self-contained scenes within an episode, set in a hospital environment, and taking place between two or more individuals in a medical or professional treatment setting. * All patients dying within the hospital setting. The death scene must be explicitly shown or named (e.g., flatline, burial, covering of the body). The death must be visibly depicted on screen (the viewer must see the death happen).
Exclusion criteria
* Violence: Violence outside the hospital. Self-harming behaviour or acts of violence that originate from a purely private context and do not arise within a professional medical setting. * Death: Death outside the hospital. Stories or mentions of death without visual depiction do not count. Implied or off-screen deaths without explicit confirmation or depiction are excluded. Implied or off-screen deaths without explicit confirmation or depiction are excluded.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number and type of violent episodes depicted in medical tv series in the OR, the ICU and in the ER. | during hospital admission | Violence/ aggression behaviours including: intentional physical, verbal, psychological/ emotional and/ or sexual |
| Number and type of death/ dying as depicted in medical tv series in the OR, the ICU and in the ER. | during hospital admission | End of life scenes depicting the death and dying process |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Type of environment that the behaviour is taking place | During the hospital admission of observed patient or family member/ friend | Describe the environment in which violent behaviour and/or death/ dying is taking place |
| Depicted emotions during death/dying | During the hospital admission of observed patient or family member/ friend | Describe the emotions that are demonstrated by family members/ friends dying death/ dying |
Countries
Germany, United Kingdom
Contacts
CONTACTVictoria Metaxa, Consultant
Outcome results
None listed