Drain
Conditions
Keywords
Ice Pack, Warm Gel Pad, Anxiety, Comfort, Physiological Parameters, Patient Satisfaction
Brief summary
The study was planned as a randomized controlled experimental study to determine the effects of ice pack and warm gel pad application during drain removal on anxiety, comfort, hemodynamic parameters, and patient satisfaction in patients undergoing open urological surgery. In the analysis, the ANOVA: Repeated Measures, Between Factors test was used, with an effect size of f = 0.25 (Kang, 2021), a significance level of α = 0.05, and a power (1-β) of 0.80. Based on the assumption of three groups and two measurement times, the minimum total sample size required for the study was calculated as 120 participants (ice pack group: 40, warm gel pad group: 40, control group: 40). A post hoc power analysis will be performed at the end of the study. Fifteen minutes before the procedure, patients will complete the Descriptive Information Form, State Anxiety Inventory, and Hemodynamic Variables Monitoring Form. After completing and recording the forms, participants will be assigned to either the intervention or control group according to the randomization schedule. In the ice pack group, when the decision is made to remove the surgical drain, the drain site will be disinfected before and after each procedure using a 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA)-based solution. A 17 × 9 cm ice pack stored at -10°C will be wrapped in sterile gauze and applied to the drain site for approximately 10 minutes. The temperature of the application area will be measured at one-minute intervals using a calibrated infrared thermometer. When the area reaches a temperature of 13.6°C, the physician will be informed and the drain removal procedure will be initiated. In the warm gel pad group, the drain site will be assessed for integrity and leakage before and after each procedure, disinfected using 70% IPA, and then covered with a 15 × 8 cm gel pad kept at room temperature. The gel pad will be applied around the drain and covered with sterile sponges. After approximately 10 minutes of application, the drain will be removed by the physician. In the control group, when the decision is made to remove the surgical drain, the procedure will be performed by the physician and routine clinical practices will be applied. After the procedure, patients will complete the Satisfaction Assessment Scale, Comfort Assessment Scale, State Anxiety Inventory, and Hemodynamic Variables Monitoring Form.
Detailed description
The study was planned as a randomized controlled experimental study to determine the effects of ice pack and warm gel pad application during drain removal on anxiety, comfort, hemodynamic parameters, and patient satisfaction in patients undergoing open urological surgery. The study will be conducted between February 2026 and February 2027 with individuals who apply to the Urology Department of Mersin University Hospital during this period and meet the sample inclusion criteria. The sample size of the study was calculated using an a priori power analysis with the G\*Power 3.1 program. In the analysis, the ANOVA: Repeated Measures, Between Factors test was used, with an effect size of f = 0.25 (Kang, 2021), a significance level of α = 0.05, and a power (1-β) of 0.80. Based on the assumption of three groups and two measurement times, the minimum total sample size required for the study was calculated as 120 participants (ice pack group: 40, warm gel pad group: 40, control group: 40). A post hoc power analysis will be performed at the end of the study. Data will be collected using the Descriptive Information Form, Satisfaction Assessment Scale, Comfort Assessment Scale, State Anxiety Inventory, and Hemodynamic Variables Monitoring Form. Fifteen minutes before the procedure, patients will complete the Descriptive Information Form, State Anxiety Inventory, and Hemodynamic Variables Monitoring Form. After completing and recording the forms, participants will be assigned to either the intervention or control group according to the randomization schedule. In the ice pack group, when the decision is made to remove the surgical drain, the drain site will be disinfected before and after each procedure using a 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA)-based solution. A 17 × 9 cm ice pack stored at -10°C will be wrapped in sterile gauze and applied to the drain site for approximately 10 minutes. The temperature of the application area will be measured at one-minute intervals using a calibrated infrared thermometer. When the area reaches a temperature of 13.6°C, the physician will be informed and the drain removal procedure will be initiated. In the warm gel pad group, the drain site will be assessed for integrity and leakage before and after each procedure, disinfected using 70% IPA, and then covered with a 15 × 8 cm gel pad kept at room temperature. The gel pad will be applied around the drain and covered with sterile sponges. After approximately 10 minutes of application, the drain will be removed by the physician. In the control group, when the decision is made to remove the surgical drain, the procedure will be performed by the physician and routine clinical practices will be applied. After the procedure, patients will complete the Satisfaction Assessment Scale, Comfort Assessment Scale, State Anxiety Inventory, and Hemodynamic Variables Monitoring Form.
Interventions
OTHERIce Pack
In the ice pack group, when the decision is made to remove the surgical drain, the drain site will be disinfected before and after each procedure using a 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA)-based solution. A 17 × 9 cm ice pack stored at -10°C will be wrapped in sterile gauze and applied to the drain site for approximately 10 minutes. The temperature of the application area will be measured at one-minute intervals using a calibrated infrared thermometer. When the area reaches a temperature of 13.6°C, the physician will be informed and the drain removal procedure will be initiated.
OTHERWarm Gel Pad Group
In the warm gel pad group, the drain site will be assessed for integrity and leakage before and after each procedure, disinfected using 70% IPA, and then covered with a 15 × 8 cm gel pad kept at room temperature. The gel pad will be applied around the drain and covered with sterile sponges. After approximately 10 minutes of application, the drain will be removed by the physician.
Sponsors
Tarsus University
Mersin University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
DOUBLE (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
Assignment of the patients included in the study to the groups will be performed by a researcher (GAU) who is not involved in the data collection process, using a simple randomization method with a random numbers table. The table will be generated using the website https://www.randomizer.org/ . When a patient who has undergone open urological surgery is admitted to the urology clinic, researchers GB and NB will assess the patients in terms of the inclusion criteria. The decision to remove the surgical drain, based on the evaluation that the drain has completed its function or that the indication for drainage has resolved, will be made by researcher MB and communicated to researchers GB and NB. When a patient who meets the inclusion criteria of the study and signs the informed consent form is identified, GB and NB will inform researcher GAU, and GAU will notify GB and NB of the group to which the patient will be assigned. In this manner, all researchers except GAU, as well as the pati
Intervention model description
The study was planned as a randomized controlled experimental study
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Individuals who consented to participate in the study, * Patients who underwent open urological surgery, * Patients followed with a single surgical drain, * Aged 18 years and older, * Conscious, oriented, and cooperative, * Without communication problems.
Exclusion criteria
* Individuals who did not consent to participate in the study, * Under 18 years of age, * Not conscious, oriented, or cooperative, * With communication problems, * Having had a surgical drain previously, * Individuals with two or more surgical drains.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Anxiety | 10 months | The State Anxiety Scale : In this study, the DAQ, which is structured to measure momentary feelings, was used. The DAQ consists of 20 questions on a four-point Likert scale. The statements in the DAQ are evaluated as not at all (1), a little (2), a lot (3) and completely (4). In this section, the statements are divided into direct and reversed statements. Inverted statements: 1st, 2nd, 5th, 5th, 8th, 8th, 10th, 11th, 15th, 16th, 19th, 20th items. The total score of the reversed statements is subtracted from the total score of the direct statements and the number 50, which is the invariant value of the DAQ, is added to the value obtained and the DAQ score is calculated. The scale score ranges between 20-80 and an increase in the score indicates an increase in the level of anxiety. |
| Comfort, | 10 months | It is a scale that provides a subjective assessment of comfort on a horizontal or vertical line from 0 -10 to evaluate the level of comfort. |
| Physiological Parameters | 10 months | In this form, systolic blood pressure measured in the intervention and control groups before and after the procedure will be recorded. |
| Patient Satisfaction | 10 months | It is a scale that provides a subjective assessment of comfort on a horizontal or vertical line from 0 -10 to evaluate the level of patient satisfaction |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Contacts
CONTACTGamze Bozkul
CONTACTGülay ALTUN UĞRAŞ
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORMurat Bozlu
Mersin University
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORNACİYE BALBAY
Mersin University
Outcome results
None listed