COVID-19, Immunodeficiency
Conditions
Keywords
COVID-19, Immunodepression, SARS-CoV-2, Paxlovid, Veklury, Viral load
Brief summary
The overall purpose of the trial is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of possible combination antiviral therapy direct antiviral agents (remdesivir + nirmatrelvir/r) versus the reference monotherapy (nirmatrelvir/r alone) and to assess the efficacy and safety of increasing the nirmatrelvir/r course from 5- to 10 days in immunocompromised patients diagnosed with asymptomatic or mild to moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Detailed description
This is a randomized, controlled, factorial, superiority trial to evaluate the viral efficacy of direct antiviral agent nirmatrelvir/r + direct antiviral agent remdesivir versus nirmatrelvir/r alone and of 5 days versus 10 days of nirmatrelvir/r in immunocompromised patients diagnosed with asymptomatic or mild to moderate COVID-19. The primary objective is to assess whether (i) a combination antiviral therapy of two antiviral agents (nirmatrelvir/r + remdesivir and/or (ii) an increase in nirmatrelvir/ r duration from 5 to 10 days improves viral efficacy by decreasing the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV- 2) positivity rate by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (cycle threshold CT\<32) in nasopharyngeal swabs at day 10 (D10). Patients will be eligible if they are immunocompromised, have confirmed asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection or mild to moderate COVID-19, regardless of symptoms onset, provided that they have no contra-indication to any of the study drugs. A total of 256 patients will be recruited in Switzerland and in France, Italy and Norway (through the parallel protocol ANRS0176s OPTICOV). Participants not eligible for randomisation or who refuse to participate to the trial for any reason will be proposed to be included in an exploratory non comparative cohort (maximum 97 participants, active only in Switzerland).
Interventions
DRUGPaxlovid 5 days
Nirmatrelvir/r 300mg/100 mg bid will be given for 5 days, orally. Nirmatrelvir/r is a combination of two molecules: nirmatrelvir which is a protease inhibitor (against 3CL) and ritonavir which has a booster role. Nirmatrelvir/r (marketed by Pfizer under the brand name Paxlovid®) is indicated for the treatment of COVID-19 in adults who do not require supplemental oxygen and who are at increased risk for progressing to severe COVID-19.
DRUGPaxlovid 10 days
Nirmatrelvir/r 300mg/100 mg bid will be given for 10 days, orally.
Sponsors
Calmy Alexandra
ANRS, Emerging Infectious Diseases
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
16 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. Laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by real time RT-PCR or positive antigenic test (commercialized assay) 2. Asymptomatic or mild to moderate COVID-19 (WHO progression scale \<5. Patients receiving oxygen therapy for reasons other than a pulmonary COVID-19 are eligible). 3. ≥ 16 years of age; 4. Immunocompromised as defined by ≥ 1 risk factors for severe COVID-19 as assessed by the Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH) list (criteria 5: diseases/treatments leading to immune suppression) or other immunosuppression criteria such as: * Severe immunosuppression (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with CD4 + T cell count \<350 / μl) * Neutropenia (\<1000 neutrophils / μl) ≥1 week * Lymphocytopenia (\<200 lymphocytes/μl) * On dialysis treatment * Hereditary immunodeficiencies * Intake of drugs which suppress the immune system (e.g. glucocorticoids for a long time \[an equivalent dose of prednisone \>20 mg/day \> 3 months\], monoclonal antibodies, cytostatics, biological products, everolimus, mTOR inhibitors etc.) in the last 12 months * Active cancer under cytostatics or targeted therapy known to be immunosuppressive (e.g., platinum salts, cyclophosphamide, anthracyclines, taxanes, 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, purine inhibitors, proteasome inhibitors) or associated with hematologic toxicity (neutropenia, lymphopenia), for example sunitinib, imatinib, regorafenib. * Aggressive lymphomas (all types) * Acute lymphatic leukemia * Acute myeloid leukemia * Acute promyelocytic leukemia * T prolymphocytic leukemia * Primary central nervous system lymphoma * Stem cell transplantation * Light chain amyloidosis * Chronic lymphoid leukemia * Multiple myeloma * Sickle cell disease * Bone marrow transplant * Organ transplant * Being on the waiting list for an organ transplant 5. Willing and able to comply with study requirements and restrictions as described in the informed consent form (ICF) 6. Enrolled in or a beneficiary of a Social Security program (State Medical Aid (AME) is not a Social Security program) or holders of health insurance. 7. Participant's or its legal representative's signature of the informed consent form
Exclusion criteria
1. SARS-CoV-2 PCR ≥30 CT at screening 2. Hypersensitivity to study drugs (active substance(s) or excipients) 3. Body weight \< 40 kg 4. AST (Aspartate transaminase) and/or alanine transaminase (ALT) \> 5 times the upper limit 5. Cirrhosis Child-Pugh score C 6. Is taking or is anticipated to require any prohibited therapies\*. 7. Participation in another interventional clinical study with an investigational compound or device, including COVID-19 therapeutics, where the study intervention is performed in the 28 days preceding the inclusion and the 10 days after the inclusion. Investigators of the different clinical studies should agree on participant's inclusion. 8. Presence of any condition for which, in the opinion of the investigator, participation would not be in participant's best interest or that could prevent, limit, or confound the protocol-specified assessments 9. Having received antiviral treatments against SARS-CoV-2 in the 14 days before the inclusion with exception of those having received one or two doses of nirmatrevir/r in the 24h preceding the inclusion in the study. 10. Pregnant or breastfeeding female
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Virological | Day 10 | Percentage of patients with SARS-CoV-2 viral load \<32 cycle threshold (CT) by real-time RT-PCR in nasopharyngeal swabs at D10 after treatment initiation. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Virological | Day 5, Day 14, Day 21 | Percentage of patients with SARS-CoV-2 viral load \<32 CT by real-time RT-PCR in nasopharyngeal swabs at D5, D14 and D21 after treatment initiation |
| Clinical | Day 5, Day 10, Day14, Day 21, Day 28 | Percentage of patients with sustained resolution or abatement of symptoms defined as a inFLUenza Patient-Reported Outcome Plus (FLU-PRO-Plus) score ≤1 at D5, D10, D14, D21 and D28 |
Countries
Switzerland
Contacts
CONTACTAlexandra Calmy, MD PhD
CONTACTChiara Fedeli, PhD
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORAlexandra Calmy, MD PhD
Hopitaux Universitaires de Genève
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORNina Khanna, MD PhD
Basel University Hospital
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORNicolas Muller, MD PhD
University of Zurich
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOROriol Manuel, MD PhD
University Hospital CHUV
Outcome results
None listed