Burn, Second Degree Burns
Conditions
Keywords
burn, laughie, pain, pain anxiety
Brief summary
Burn injuries are traumatic conditions that seriously affect individuals' quality of life, both physically and psychologically. Second-degree burns, in particular, affect the superficial and/or deep layers of the dermis, causing intense pain and extensive tissue damage. Pain in burn patients is not only physical; it combines with emotional stress, fear, and uncertainty to increase anxiety levels. This study is a parallel group-randomised controlled trial designed to evaluate the effects of the Laughie exercise, administered prior to dressing changes in individuals diagnosed with second-degree burns, on post-dressing pain anxiety levels and pain intensity.
Interventions
OTHERLaughie
One alternative and complementary medicine approach that has gained attention is the Laughie technique, also known as guided laughter exercise. Laughie enables individuals to laugh in a controlled manner using their own voice, targeting the physiological and psychological benefits of laughter. In this study, Laughie involves recording a one-minute video of the patient's natural laughter. Before the dressing change, patients watch this video and accompany their laughter to support autonomic nervous system stabilization. For patients presenting for their second dressing change, the study procedure will include the following steps: (1) collection of descriptive characteristics; (2) assessment of pain severity and pain anxiety levels 5-10 minutes before the dressing change; (3) administration of the Laughie exercise five minutes before the dressing change; (4) application of the dressing; and (5) reassessment of pain severity and pain anxiety levels five minutes after the procedure.
Sponsors
Hacettepe University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* 18 years of age and over * Having a second degree burn * Arriving for the second dressing change on the unit * To agree to participate in the research
Exclusion criteria
* In multiple burns, a burn degree other than the second degree on any part of the body * A maximum of 96 hours have elapsed since the burn injury * To have come to the dressing in repetitions other than the second dressing * Inability to tolerate the Laughie exercise
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Burn Specific Pain Anxiety | Change from baseline scores at the end of 15 minutes. | The Burn Specific Pain Anxiety Scale (BSPAS) consists of nine items. The scale was designed to assess pain-related anxiety in patients with burn injuries. The Turkish version includes eight items, each rated on a two-ended visual analog scale ranging from 0 to 10, with anchor points defined as "none at all" (0) and "in the worst possible way" (10). Total scores are calculated by summing the item scores, yielding a possible range from 0 to 80. Higher total scores reflect greater levels of pain-related anxiety experienced by patients during painful hospital procedures. The internal consistency of the Turkish version was excellent, with a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.95. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) | Change from baseline scores at the end of 15 minutes. | The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is a widely used, simple, and reliable tool for assessing subjective experiences such as pain intensity. It typically consists of a 10-cm horizontal or vertical line anchored by two endpoints representing extreme states, ranging from "no pain" to "worst imaginable pain." Patients are asked to indicate the point that best reflects their current level of pain, providing a quantitative measure of pain severity that is easy to administer and sensitive to change. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Contacts
CONTACTBurcu Duluklu, PhD, Asst. Prof.
CONTACTMerve Akın, MD, Assoc. Prof.
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORBurcu Duluklu, PhD, Asst. Prof.
Hacettepe University
Outcome results
None listed