Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
Conditions
Brief summary
This study examined the effects of self-management education combined with follow-up telephone support on diabetes self-management, treatment compliance, and medication self-efficacy in adults with Type 2 diabetes. A total of 70 adults with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group. Participants in the intervention group received diabetes self-management education and follow-up telephone support while the control group received usual care. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, the Diabetes Self-Management Scale, the Patient Adherence Scale for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment, and the Diabetes Medication Use Self-Efficacy Scale.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALDiabetes Self-Management Education and Telephone Support
The intervention consisted of a structured diabetes self-management education program and follow-up telephone support. Participants received three face-to-face education sessions focusing on diabetes self-management, treatment compliance, and medication use. Additionally, two structured follow-up telephone support calls were conducted over a two-month period to reinforce education, support adherence, and address participants' questions.
Sponsors
Selcuk University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the usual care control group and followed in parallel throughout the study period.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 64 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Individuals with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes for at least 6 months * Between the ages of 18-64 * Literate * Planned hospitalisation for at least three days * Using only insulin or insulin + oral antidiabetics as treatment
Exclusion criteria
* Individuals with Type 1 * Gestational diabetes, * Communication disability * Psychiatric illness * Severe complications (retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, diabetic foot, cardiovascular disease) * Condition that prevents physical activity * Individuals who could not attend at least two sessions of the diabetes education programme
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Diabetes Self-Management Scale | Baseline and end of the third month after discharge | The level of diabetes self-management was assessed using the Diabetes Self-Management Scale. The scale evaluates participants' self-management behaviors across four sub-dimensions: glucose management, diet control, physical activity, and utilization of health services. A minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 10 is obtained from the total scale and sub-dimensions. Higher scores indicating higher levels of diabetes self-management. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Patient Adherence Scale for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment | Baseline and end of the third month after discharge | Treatment adherence was assessed using the Patient Adherence Scale for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment, a validated self-report instrument developed to evaluate adherence behaviors in individuals with Type 2 diabetes. The scale assesses multiple dimensions of attitude and emotional factors, knowledge and personal factors, lifestyle change, feelings of anger, feelings, and behaviours appropriate for adherence, diet bargaining and feelings of denial. The highest score obtained from the scale is 150 and the lowest score is 30. As the score obtained from the scale decreases, the individual's adherence to treatment increases. |
| Diabetes Medication Use Self-efficacy Scale | Baseline and end of the third month after discharge | Medication use self-efficacy was assessed using the Diabetes Medication Use Self-Efficacy Scale, a validated instrument measuring individuals' confidence in their ability to use diabetes medications despite potential barriers. The scale evaluates self-efficacy related to obligation, preoccupation, and anxiety associated with medication use. The lowest score in the scale is 19 and the highest score is 57. Higher scores indicate higher levels of medication use self-efficacy. |
| Glycated hemoglobin | Baseline and end of the third month after discharge | Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in mmol/mol. This data was obtained from routine blood test results recorded in health records at baseline (during hospital admission) and at the physician follow-up visit three months after discharge. |
| High-density lipoprotein | Baseline and end of the third month after discharge | High-density lipoprotein (HDL) in mg/dL. This data was obtained from routine blood test results recorded in health records at baseline (during hospital admission) and at the physician follow-up visit three months after discharge. |
| Low-density lipoprotein | Baseline and end of the third month after discharge | Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in mg/dL. This data was obtained from routine blood test results recorded in health records at baseline (during hospital admission) and at the physician follow-up visit three months after discharge. |
| Total cholesterol | Baseline and end of the third month after discharge | Total cholesterol in mg/dL. This data was obtained from routine blood test results recorded in health records at baseline (during hospital admission) and at the physician follow-up visit three months after discharge. |
| Triglyceride | Baseline and end of the third month after discharge | Triglyceride in mg/dL. This data was obtained from routine blood test results recorded in health records at baseline (during hospital admission) and at the physician follow-up visit three months after discharge. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Contacts
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORAlime Selçuk Tosun, Assoc. Prof.
Selcuk University, Faculty of Nursing
Outcome results
None listed