Chronic Kidney Disease (Mild to Moderate)
Conditions
Keywords
Chronic Kidney Disease, Physical Function, Quality of Life, Resistance Exercises., Relaxation Therapy
Brief summary
The significance of this study to compare the effect of resistance exercises and relaxation therapy to find out which technique is more effective for improving physical function and quality of life in chronic kidney disease patient. The study was aimed to determine the effect of resistance exercises and relaxation therapy on physical function and quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease. We hypothesized if there was significant effect of resistance exercises and relaxation therapy on physical function and quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease. Group A: Relaxation therapy and Resistance exercises. Group B: Resistance exercises.
Detailed description
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a pathophysiological process, where the kidneys experience a slow, progressive and irreversible decline in function where the body's ability fail in maintaining metabolism and fluid and electrolyte balance causes the occurrence of uremia. Individuals of all ages and both sexes benefit from moderate-intensity physical activity, with diminished risk of cardiovascular diseases, maintenance of muscle strength, fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety and improved quality of life. Resistance exercises, alone and in combination with other exercises have shown beneficial outcomes in improving physical fitness, walking capacity, cardiovascular outcomes, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, relaxation techniques are considered successful in improving the condition of patients. Deep breathing relaxation techniques can reduce oxidative stress, increase cellular energy, increase elasticity of blood vessels and improve circulation, so that the final result can reduce and even overcome fatigue. The technique is easy to do, easy to learn, does not harm and a less costs is the advantage of deep breathing relaxation techniques. Resistance training has been successfully recommended as a method of gaining lean mass, strength and physical functioning in frail elderly persons and those with chronic diseases, including patients with cardiovascular and kidney diseases
Interventions
OTHERResistance exercises:
The researcher taught patients this exercise and encouraged them to do it daily each once about 20 to 30 minutes. The exercise started with moderate intensity of no more than 10 minutes then time of practice increased gradually to 30 minutes. Resistance exercise included the following: Knee and hip flexion and extension, elbow extension. The repetition was be 15-20 times
OTHERRelaxation exercise
Relaxation exercise (diaphragmatic breathing, pursed lip breathing) Diaphragmatic breathing is intended to help patient use the diaphragm correctly while breathing to strengthen the diaphragm and decrease the work of breathing. Patient was instructed to sit comfortably with the knees bent and the shoulders, head and neck relaxed. Breathe in slowly through the nose so that the stomach moves out against the hand. Then exhaled through pursed lib technique so that stomach moves in again. Patients was instructed to place one hand on the upper chest and the other just below the rib cage. This was allowing patient to feel the diaphragm move as he or she breathe. Patients was instructed to practice this exercise 5-10 minutes about 3-4 times per day.
Sponsors
Rashid Latif Medical College
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
The outcome assessor was kept blind. The individuals measuring or evaluating a study's results, assessor was not aware of treatment group (intervention) a participant belongs to, preventing their expectations or biases from influencing the outcome measurement and ensuring more objective results.
Intervention model description
Group A: Resistance exercises and relaxation therapy Group B: Resistance exercises, where Resistance exercise (knee and hip flexion and extension, and elbow extension)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
30 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Age (30-65years). * Both Male and female. * Patient able to stand and walk independently. * Patient with mild to moderate stage of chronic kidney disease.
Exclusion criteria
* Physical disability. * Acute Myocardial infarction. * Kidney transplant. * Pregnant women.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| SF 36 (Quality of Life) | Pre-test (Baseline) and Post-test (08 Weeks) | To assess patients Quality of life SF-36 was used. It provides information on 8 scales, scoring from0(worst health) to100(best health), and on the physical component scale (PCS) and the mental component scale (MCS), normalized scores representing overall physical and mental functioning |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Sit-to-Stand test | Pre-test (Baseline) and Post-test (08 Weeks) | The STS 10 consisted of measuring the seconds employed by the patient to stand up from the sitting position, and to sit down for 10 consecutive times as quickly as possible. STS-10 is proved to be a feasible measure to detect changes resulting from an exercise intervention \[ After 5 minutes for recuperation, the patient performed the STS 60 consisting of standing-up from a chair and sitting-down again as many times as possible during a 60 second time period. |
| 6-minute walk test | Pre-test (Baseline) and Post-test (08 Weeks) | It was used as an indicator of patients' exercise capacity. The total distance covered by subjects during 6 minutes on a walk of 20 meters in length along an internal corridor of the HD unit was recorded |
Countries
Pakistan
Outcome results
None listed