BK Nephropathy, BK Polyomavirus, BK Viremia; BKV DNAemia, BK Virus Infection, Immune Response, Nephropathy, Neutralizing Antibodies, Opportunistic Viral Infection, Polyoma Virus Nephropathy
Conditions
Keywords
TTV, BK polyomavirus, neutralizing antibodies, ELISPOT BKV, genotype, miRNA BKV, urinary chimiokine
Brief summary
The aim of this observational study is to characterize the urinary replication of BK polyomavirus (BKV) in kidney transplant recipients. Although BKV reactivation after transplantation is well established, the origin of the replicating virus remains uncertain. Current evidence suggests that BKV detected in recipients may originate either from the transplanted kidney (donor-derived) or from viral reactivation in the recipient. The evaluation of new biomarkers to predict BKV replication are needed. This study seeks to address the following key questions: * Origin of the replicating virus: Is the BKV detected in the recipient identical to the virus originating from the donor kidney? * Host immune response and viral genotype: Is there an association between the recipient's immune response and the genotype of the replicating BKV? * Differences in immune response according to viral replication profile: Does the immune response differ between patients presenting isolated BKV viruria and those with both viruria and viremia? * Can new biomarkers help predict BKV replication and viremia? Patients will be grouped according to their BKV replication profile: Group 1: patients with BKV viruria without viremia Group 2: patients with both BKV viruria and viremia Comparisons between these two groups will help identify whether different viral genotypes or immune responses are associated with systemic dissemination (viremia). Kidney transplant recipients will be included if they present BKV viruria during their post-transplant follow-up. Additional blood samples will be collected during scheduled follow-up visits at the university hospital. These visits are part of routine clinical care, and no extra visits will be required specifically for the study.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
University Hospital, Grenoble
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Kidney transplant patients with a first positive BK virus viral load in urine. - BK virus viral load in urine \> 3 log copies/mL. * More than 3 months post-transplant and less than 2 years post-transplant. * Men or women aged 18 years and older. * Followed up at Grenoble Alpes University Hospital. * Affiliated with social security or beneficiary of such a scheme. * Patients who are not opposed to the TYPIK study.
Exclusion criteria
* Expected renal graft survival is \< 6 months, estimated by an eGFR \< 15 mL/min/1.73 m² at the time of BKPyV viruria * Patients who object to the use of their data and/or samples for research purposes * Subjects who are excluded from another study * Subjects under administrative or judicial supervision
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| To describe the prevalence and variability of different BKPyV genotypes and serotypes in a population of kidney transplant patients with BKPyV viruria/viremia. | up to 2 years | The primary endpoint will be the classification by genotyping/serotyping of BKPyV obtained during the first viruria and the first viremia, performed using NGS and serotyping using a seroneutralization technique. The search for SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) will also enable the subclassification of genotypes and better identification of patients at risk of BKPyV viremia and therefore BKPyV-induced nephropathy. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Compare the viral genotype at the first viruria/viremia with the donor serotype and with the recipient serotype. | up to 2 years | The donor serotype and recipient serotype will be obtained by seroneutralization (from I to IV) and the viral genotype at the first viremia and first viruria will be obtained by a complete sequencing technique (NGS). |
| Describe the evolution of urinary BKPyV viral load during infection and compare viruria between viruric-only and viremic patients. | up to 2 years | The urinary viral load for BKPyV will be obtained by qPCR (R-Gene) and expressed in log IU/mL at the time of inclusion in the two groups and then up to 6 months post-inclusion. |
| Describe associations between urinary and blood BKPyV viral load and associated genotypes/the presence of a mismatch between the donor serotype and the recipient genotype. | up to 2 years | Urinary viral load at inclusion and at the time of viremia (qPCR R-Gene technique in log IU/mL) and serotype mismatch obtained from serological data at the time of transplantation. |
| Describe the associations between the waiting time until the first viremia and the presence or absence of a serotype mismatch at the time of transplantation, the genotype at the time of the first viruria, the viral load at the time of the first viruria, | up to 2 years | The time will be recorded in days between the first post-transplant viruria and viremia. |
| Compare the evolution of the anti-BKPyV T-cell functional response in patients with viruria alone and those also with viremia between inclusion and 6 months later. | up to 2 years | Functional anti-BKPyV T cell response obtained by ELISpot and expressed in spots/350,000 PBMC evaluated at the time of the first viremia and the first viruria. |
| Describe the link between the functional response and the presence of viremia, the evolution of the BKPyV viral load in the blood, and the genotype. | up to 2 years | Functional anti-BKPyV T cell response obtained by ELISpot and expressed in spots/350,000 PBMC at the time of viruria and urinary and blood viral load of BKPyV by qPCR (log IU/mL) |
| Compare the BKPyV genotype present in the renal biopsy at M3 with the urinary replicative genotype at inclusion and the donor serotype. | up to 2 years | Genotyping of BKPyV in the renal biopsy at M3 and of replicative BKPyV in urine at inclusion will be provided by NGS. The donor serotype will be obtained by a seroneutralization technique. |
| Quantitatively describe the presence of BKPyV microRNAs in urine and compare the two groups (viremic and viruric alone). | up to two years | The presence of BKPyV microRNA will be obtained by qPCR and given in copies/mL just before inclusion and during viruria |
| Describe the link between the quantity of BKPyV microRNAs and the replicative genotype. | up to 2 years | BKPyV microRNA will be obtained by qPCR and given in copies/mL just before inclusion and genotyping of BKPyV in urine during the first viremia |
| Quantitatively describe the presence of urinary chemokines and compare the two groups (viremic and viruric alone). | up to 2 years | The amount of chemokine obtained by ELISA will be given in µg/mL and will be obtained at all visits. |
| Describe the link between the quantity of B-KPyV chemokines at inclusion and the replicative genotype. | up to 2 years | Obtaining urinary chemokine concentrations at inclusion in µg/mL and genotyping of BKPyV in urine at inclusion |
| Monitor the number of BKV viruria or viremia depending on the immunosuppressive treatment received. | up to 2 years | Type of immunosuppressant and blood concentration of these at the time of viremia/viruria |
| Comparison of number of positive ELISpot in group with and without viremia (identify risk factor of viremia) | up to 2 years | Occurrence of viremia in days relative to transplantation, number of spots on ELISpot during first viremia (BKPyV microRNA in copies/mL, serotyping of donor and recipient, and genotyping in recipient's urine) |
| Comparison of SV40 immunohistochemistry staining results and BKPyV PCR results on M3 biopsy | up to 2 years | Estimate the proportion of concordances between SV40 positivity in immunohistochemistry and BKPyV PCR on the M3 biopsy (copies/µg DNA) (pos/pos; pos/neg; neg/neg; neg/pos) |
Countries
France
Contacts
CONTACTAurélie TRUFFOT, PHD
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORAurélie TRUFFOT
CHUGA
Outcome results
None listed