Dementia, Dementia Caregivers
Conditions
Keywords
SOCAV, Caregivers, Primary care, Nursing care, Person-centered care, Feasibility study
Brief summary
In this study, we tested whether a support program could help people living at home with dementia keep making their own everyday choices for as long as possible, with help from a family caregiver and a home-care nurse. Nurses received training and coaching to better focus on what the person still wants and can do, and to avoid taking over tasks too quickly. The program also included home conversations with the person with dementia and their caregiver to agree on what matters most and how to support that in daily life. In total, 12 people with dementia, 14 caregivers, and 33 nurses took part. Most participants felt the program was helpful and said it increased attention to personal choice and small day-to-day decisions. However, it also took time and was sometimes hard to schedule, and some people dropped out. The questionnaires did not show clear improvements in things like quality of life, but there were signs that some behavior problems (such as restlessness or difficult situations) became less frequent for some participants.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALSOCAV-Home Care (self-directed care support for home-dwelling people with dementia)
SOCAV-Home Care is distinct because it targets "self-direction" in everyday home-care situations by combining (1) structured nurse training in person-centered communication (based on Community Occupational Therapy in Dementia principles), (2) longitudinal Kalorama reflective coaching with reflective diaries to change routine nursing behavior over months, and (3) repeated triadic home sessions (person with dementia + informal caregiver + nurse, sometimes with a peer coach) focused on mapping preferences, setting shared goals, and testing practical autonomy-supporting strategies in the home context. It is implemented by trained peer coaches within home-care teams rather than as a stand-alone therapy delivered only to patients.
Sponsors
Radboud University Medical Center
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Masking description
Not applicable. This was a single-arm feasibility study and no additional parties were formally masked/blinded; participants (people with dementia and informal caregivers), nurses, peer coaches, and the research team were aware of the intervention. Interviewers were independent/unknown to participants, but they were not blinded to intervention exposure.
Intervention model description
This is a single-group, non-randomized feasibility study with a longitudinal pre-post evaluation and embedded process evaluation. All enrolled participants received the SOCAV-Home Care program (there was no control or comparison arm). The intervention was delivered at the level of the home-care team/nurses (training plus ongoing reflective coaching over approximately 6-9 months), with dyad-level components for the person with dementia and informal caregiver (a series of collaborative home meetings over approximately 3-6 months). Outcomes were assessed repeatedly over time (baseline and follow-up time points during the intervention period) to explore feasibility and signals of potential benefit rather than to test efficacy.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* People with dementia were eligible if they had mild to moderate dementia (diagnosed by a general practitioner or geriatrician), lived at home, and received care from a home-care team. * Informal caregivers were eligible if they provided care at least twice per week, either as a co-residing primary caregiver or as a regularly visiting secondary caregiver. * Nurses were eligible if they worked in home care, supported people with dementia, and were employed by the regional care organization.
Exclusion criteria
* People with dementia were excluded if they had a Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) score \>6;
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Canadian Occupational Performance Measure | The COPM was administered at baseline and 5 months in the development phase, and in the feasibility phase at baseline, 4 months (midpoint), and 9 months (endpoint). | The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) (Dutch version) is a tool to assess change in performance of meaningful daily activities and satisfaction with that performance, each rated on a 1-10 scale (1 = not able/not satisfied at all; 10 = fully able/fully satisfied), based on input from the person with dementia, the informal caregiver, and the home-care nurse. Main Manuscript |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| The Dementia Quality of Life (DQoL) | The DQoL was collected as a primary outcome at baseline, 4 months (midpoint), and 9 months (endpoint) in the feasibility phase (and at baseline and 5 months in the development phase). | The Dementia Quality of Life (DQoL) is a 29-item, dementia-specific quality-of-life measure that is administered as an interview with the person living with dementia and is intended for people with mild to moderate dementia. It captures the person's own view of their quality of life across key concepts including self-esteem, positive affect/humor, absence of negative affect, feelings of belonging, and sense of aesthetics. |
| Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), | In the feasibility phase, the CES-D was assessed at baseline, 4 months, and 9 months (and at baseline and 5 months in the development phase). | The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a brief questionnaire used to assess depressive symptoms (more symptoms = higher score). In this study it was used with informal caregivers. |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed