Overweight (BMI > 25), Obese But Otherwise Healthy Participants, Overweight or Obese, Obese Patients (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²), Poor Sleep Quality, Healthy Participants, Physically Inactive
Conditions
Keywords
Pistachio, Tree Nuts, metabolic flexibility, metabolism, diet quality, snacking
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of pistachio snacking on metabolic flexibility (at rest, during exercise, and in post-exercise recovery) in healthy overweight and obese adults. Secondary goals include evaluating effects on changes in diet quality, sleep characteristics, physical activity, and hormonal health in women. In randomized order, participants will complete four days of pistachio snacking and four days of normal dietary habits (control). For both conditions, primary outcomes of resting substrate metabolism, metabolic flexibility during exercise, and post-exercise substrate metabolism will be measured pre-post intervention via indirect calorimetry. Secondary outcome of diet quality (kcal, carb, fat, protein) will be measured pre-post intervention via diet log. Exploratory outcomes of daily physical activity (steps, intensity), nightly sleep characteristics (quantity, quality, latency, efficiency), and daytime sleepiness and hunger.
Interventions
OTHERPistachio
Roasted, lightly salted, pistachio kernels (no shell)
Sponsors
American Pistachio Growers
University of South Carolina
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
Randomized, crossover
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
25 Years to 45 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Males and Females * Age: 25-45 years * Overweight or obese (BMI=25.0-34.9 kg/m²) * Poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ≥ 5) * Healthy (no diagnosed metabolic, cardiovascular, sleep, or other health condition that may significantly alter metabolism, sleep, or ability to participate in the exercise test) * Not meeting weekly physical activity recommendations (\<150 min moderate-intensity exercise, \<75 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise, and \<2 days of strength training) * Not following a diet that is restrictive or eliminates certain food group/types
Exclusion criteria
* Allergies to nuts, especially tree nuts * Has a pacemaker * Following a diet that is restrictive or eliminates certain food group/types * Self-repoted health or disease state that may influence study outcomes, including known metabolic or endocrine disorder (e.g. prediabetes, type 1 or type 2 diabetes, or polycystic ovary syndrome), cardiovascular diseases, neuromuscular disorders, musculoskeletal disorders; current or recent history of cancer/cancer treatment (within the past year) * History of gastrointestinal surgery, hysterectomy * For women: pregnant or thinking of becoming pregnant during the time of participation, pregnant within the last year, currently breastfeeding, or known to be perimenopausal
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| resting metabolism | Day 0 and Day 5 | resting metabolic rate (RMR) and substrate utilization (RER) via indirect calorimetry |
| post-exercise metabolism | Day 0 and Day 5 | Energy expenditure and substrate metabolism (RER) measured at 0, 30, 60, 90min post-exercise via indirect calorimetry |
| exercise metabolic flexibility | Day 0 and Day 5 | substrate metabolism (RER; indirect calorimetry) throughout a submaximal, graded exercise test |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Carbohydrate Intake | Day 0 and Day 4 | Average carbohydrate intake (grams) via 24-hr diet record |
| Caloric Intake | Day 0 and Day 4 | Average calorie intake (kcal) via 24-hr diet record |
| Protein Intake | Day 0 and Day 4 | Average protein intake (grams) via 24-hr diet record |
| Fat Intake | Day 0 and Day 4 | Average fat intake (grams) via 24-hr diet record |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Sleep Quality | Nightly (Day 0 to Day 5) | Nightly sleep quality (time spent in deep sleep (minutes), REM sleep (minutes), and light sleep (minutes)) via wrist worn activity tracker. |
| Sleep Quantity | Nightly (Day 0 to Day 5) | Nightly sleep quantity (total time spent asleep; minutes) via wrist worn activity tracker. |
| Subjective hunger | Daily (Day 1 to Day 4) | Degree of hunger/fullness (Visual Analog Scale) mid-morning (post-snack), late morning (a few hours post snack), and mid-afternoon (pre-snack). |
| Daytime sleepiness | Day 0 and Day 5 | Subjective likelihood of falling asleep in various situations via Epworth Sleepiness Scale. In this eight question survey, questions are rated on a scale of 0 (very unlikely) to 3 (very likely), with a total score of 0-9 indicating low daytime sleepiness, 10-15 indicating moderate daytime sleepiness, and 16-24 indicating severe daytime sleepiness. |
| Physical Activity | daily continuous (Day 0 to Day 5) | Daily (24-hr) steps and intensity minutes via wrist activity tracker |
Countries
United States
Contacts
Primary ContactCallie Unrein, MS
Outcome results
None listed