Smoking ( Cigarette), Periodontitis Stage II
Conditions
Brief summary
The aim of this study is to evaluate how smoking affects the healing process of the gums after treatment. The researchers will measure the levels of two specific proteins (PLAP-1 and Sclerostin) in the gum fluid of patients with stage II periodontitis. These measurements will be compared between smokers and non-smokers before and after receiving non-surgical periodontal therapy (cleaning and scaling) to see if smoking changes the body's response to treatment.
Detailed description
Patients diagnosed with Stage II Periodontitis will be recruited and divided into two groups: Group I (current smokers) and Group II (non-smokers). At the beginning of the study (baseline), clinical periodontal parameters will be recorded, including probing depth, clinical attachment level, and plaque index. Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) samples will be collected from the most affected sites using paper strips. Following the initial assessment, all participants will undergo non-surgical periodontal therapy consisting of full-mouth scaling and root planing (SRP) using ultrasonic and hand instruments. Oral hygiene instructions will be provided to all patients. Patients will be re-evaluated after 6 months following the treatment. Clinical parameters will be re-recorded, and GCF samples will be collected again. The samples will then be analyzed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to determine the concentration levels of Periodontal Ligament Associated Protein-1 (PLAP-1) and Sclerostin. The study aims to correlate these protein levels with the clinical healing outcomes in both smokers and non-smokers.
Interventions
scaling , curettage and root planning
Sponsors
Al-Azhar University
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
25 Years to 40 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Male or female aged from 25 - 40 years old. * Patients diagnosed as having Stage II periodontitis. * Group of current smoker's patients, more than 10 cigarettes per day. * Group of non-smoker's patients. * Maximum probing depth ≤ 5 mm, mostly horizontal bone loss. * Clinical Attachment loss from 3-4 mm. * Radiographic bone loss about 15% to 33%, mostly horizontal.
Exclusion criteria
* Pregnant or lactating women. * Any known systemic disease. * Patients who received periodontal treatment in last 6 months.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| change in periodontal ligament associated protien-1 levels | Baseline (before treatment) and 6 months after treatment | Concentration of PLAP-1 measured in Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) using ELISA technique. This protein reflects the status of the periodontal ligament. |
| Change in Sclerostin levels | Baseline and 6 months after treatment | Concentration of Sclerostin measured in Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) to evaluate bone remodeling activity. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Plaque Index (PI). | Baseline , 3 and 6 months after treatment. | Evaluation of the amount of plaque on tooth surfaces using the Silness and Löe Plaque Index. Scores range from 0 (no plaque) to 3 (abundance of soft matter). Lower scores indicate better oral hygiene. |
| Change in Probing Pocket Depth | Baseline , 3 and 6 months after treatment | Measurement of the depth of the gum pockets using a periodontal probe to assess clinical healing. |
| Change in Bleeding on Probing (BOP) percentage. | Baseline, 3 and 6 months after treatment. | Presence or absence of bleeding recorded within 30 seconds after probing. It is calculated as the percentage of sites that bleed upon probing relative to the total number of sites probed. |
| Change in Gingival Index (GI). | Baseline, 3 and 6 months after treatment. | Assessment of the severity of gingival inflammation using the Löe and Silness Gingival Index. Scores range from 0 (normal gingiva) to 3 (severe inflammation, tendency to spontaneous bleeding). |
| Change in Clinical Attachment Level | Baseline , 3 and 6 months after treatment | Measurement of the distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the bottom of the pocket to assess tissue attachment gain. |
Countries
Egypt
Outcome results
None listed