Dental Anxiety, Dental Extraction, Distraction, Pain Management
Conditions
Keywords
anxiety, distraction, dental extraction, pain management, nursing care
Brief summary
This study investigated the effect of showing cartoons or playing music during the procedure on the physiological parameters of pain and fear experienced by children aged 6-12 undergoing tooth extraction treatment.
Detailed description
Pediatric patients are frequently exposed to medical procedures that can cause pain and anxiety. While pharmacological interventions may be used, distraction is a simple and effective technique that diverts children's attention away from distressing stimuli. Distraction is a non-pharmacological pain management technique widely used by healthcare professionals during procedures to reduce pain and distress. It is based on the assumption that by shifting the child's attention to something interesting, their ability to pay attention to painful stimuli is inhibited, thereby reducing pain, distress, and anxiety. However, there are no published studies examining the effect of watching cartoons, listening to music, and the tell-show-do approach during tooth extraction on the physiological parameters, pain, and anxiety of children aged 6-12 years.
Interventions
OTHERCartoon viewing app
Before starting the study, a compilation of children's favorite cartoons specific to their age group was prepared. Based on randomization, children in this group were asked before the procedure which cartoon they would like to watch. During the procedure, a tablet was placed in a position where the child could easily see it. The cartoon started being shown one minute before the procedure. Uninterrupted viewing was ensured throughout the procedure.
OTHERMusic intervention
Before starting the study, a list of children's favorite music specific to their age group was compiled. Children in this group were randomly assigned to listen to which music from this list before the procedure. Wireless headphones were placed on the child before the procedure. Music began playing one minute prior to the procedure. The child was allowed to listen to music continuously throughout the procedure.
OTHERcontrol group
No interventions were performed on the children in this group outside of routine practice.
Sponsors
Selcuk University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Intervention model description
The G\*Power 3.1.9.2 program was used to calculate the sample size for the study. The G\*Power 3.1.9.6 program was used for the prior sample size calculation. Anticipating potential losses, the sample size was increased by approximately 20%, and the study was planned to be conducted with 20 children in each group.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
6 Years to 12 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Be between 6 and 12 years of age, * Have no systemic, neurological, or chronic diseases, * Agree to sit in the patient chair (according to the Frankl scale: 2, 3, or 4), * Have no mental or neurological problems, * Understand and speak Turkish, * Have an indication for tooth extraction * Willingness to participate in the study, * No visual or auditory impairments
Exclusion criteria
* Being a foreign national, * Not wanting to participate in the study, * Not agreeing to sit in the patient chair (1 on the Frankl scale)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Child Fear Assessment Scale-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) | Tooth extraction 1 minute ago | The CFSS-DS scale consists of 15 questions covering different aspects of dental treatment. It can be used with children aged 4-14 years. It is used to determine children's fear of tooth extraction. |
| Child Identification Information Form | Five minutes before the procedure | This form was created by researchers based on the literature to determine the identifying characteristics (age, gender, type and duration of treatment, etc.) of a child undergoing dental treatment. |
| Physiological Parameter Follow-up Form (Heart rate-min) | Tooth extraction 1 minute ago | This is a form developed by researchers to assess the pulse and oxygen saturation of a child undergoing treatment. |
| Physiological Parameter Follow-up Form (oxygen saturation -SpO2%) | Tooth extraction 1 minute ago | This is a form developed by researchers to assess the pulse and oxygen saturation of a child undergoing treatment. |
| Wong Baker Facial Pain Rating Scale | Tooth extraction 1 minute ago | The Wong Baker Facial Rating Scale is one of the scales used to assess pain. This scale consists of six facial expressions, rated from 0 to 10 according to the severity of the pain. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Physiological Parameter Follow-up Form (Heart rate-min | 5th minute of the process | This is a form developed by researchers to assess the pulse and oxygen saturation of a child undergoing treatment. |
| Physiological Parameter Follow-up Form (oxygen saturation -SpO2%) | 5th minute of the process | This is a form developed by researchers to assess the pulse and oxygen saturation of a child undergoing treatment. |
| Wong Baker Facial Pain Rating Scale | 5th minute of the process | The Wong Baker Facial Rating Scale is one of the scales used to assess pain. This scale consists of six facial expressions, rated from 0 to 10 according to the severity of the pain. |
| Physiological Parameter Follow-up Form (Heart rate-min) | 1 minute after the procedure | This is a form developed by researchers to assess the pulse and oxygen saturation of a child undergoing treatment. |
| Child Fear Assessment Scale-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) | 1 minute after the procedure | The CFSS-DS scale consists of 15 questions covering different aspects of dental treatment. It can be used with children aged 4-14 years. It is used to determine a child's fear of tooth extraction. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed