Shoulder Pain
Conditions
Keywords
Shoulder pain, diaphragm, Maximal inspiratory pressure, Ultrasound imaging
Brief summary
This observational case-control study will compare inspiratory muscle function and diaphragm morphology between individuals with shoulder pain and asymptomatic controls. Participants will be allocated into two groups according to the presence or absence of shoulder pain. Inspiratory muscle strength will be assessed by measuring maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) using standardized procedures. Diaphragm thickness will be evaluated bilaterally using ultrasound imaging at the end of inspiration (Tins) and at the end of expiration (Texp). Pain intensity will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Upper limb disability will be evaluated using the QuickDASH questionnaire, including the activities of daily living module and the optional sports module. All outcomes will be assessed in a single evaluation session. Between-group comparisons will be performed to analyze differences in inspiratory muscle strength, diaphragm thickness, pain intensity, and upper limb disability between participants with and without shoulder pain.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Universidad Francisco de Vitoria
Study design
Observational model
CASE_CONTROL
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 60 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Tennis player who suffered from non-specific shoulder pain * Training at least two times per week * Have experienced at least 1 episode of non-specific shoulder pain in the last month * A positive result on the following diagnostic tests: Neer Test and Jobe Test
Exclusion criteria
* Having taken anti-inflammatories or muscle relaxants within the last 72 hours before the study * Pregnancy * Previous diagnosis of respiratory or neurological diseases * Previous surgeries, fractures, and dislocations in the dominant shoulder * Inability to follow instructions during the study * All those for whom measuring maximum inspiratory pressure is contraindicated: unstable angina, recent myocardial infarction (within 4 weeks of the even or myocarditis, uncontrolled systemic hypertension, recent pneumothorax, post-lung biopsy surgery of less than one week, postoperative abdominal or genitourinary surgery of less than 6 months, and urinary incontinence
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) | Single assessment at baseline visit | Maximal inspiratory pressure measured in cmH₂O using a respiratory pressure meter as an indicator of inspiratory muscle strength. |
| Diaphragm thickness at inspiration | Single assessment at baseline visit | Bilateral diaphragm muscle thickness measured by ultrasound imaging at the end of maximal inspiration (Tins) |
| Diaphragm thickness at expiration | Single assessment at baseline visit | Bilateral diaphragm muscle thickness measured by ultrasound imaging at the end of maximal expiration (Texp). |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Pain intensity (VAS) | Single assessment at baseline visit | Shoulder pain intensity assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 = no pain and 10 = worst imaginable pain; higher scores indicate worse pain |
| Upper limb disability - activities of daily living | Single assessment at baseline visit | Upper limb disability in activities of daily living assessed using the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH-Core) questionnaire (11 items). Scores range from 0 to 100, where 0 = no disability and 100 = most severe disability; higher scores indicate worse disability. |
| Upper limb disability - sport | Single assessment at baseline visit | Upper limb disability in sport activities assessed using the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Sport module (4 ítems). Scores range from 0 to 100, where 0 = no disability and 100 = most severe disability; higher scores indicate worse disability. |
Countries
Spain
Outcome results
None listed