Oral Malodor (Halitosis)
Conditions
Keywords
Oral Malodor, Propolis, Probiotic toothpaste
Brief summary
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different toothpaste formulations on oral malodor in young adults, addressing the lack of clinical evidence regarding propolis- and probiotic-containing toothpastes, which have predominantly been investigated in mouthrinse, tablet, or chewing gum formulations. Volunteers aged 18-30 years with baseline organoleptic assessment (OA) and Breath Checker® (BC) scores \>0 were randomized into four toothpaste groups: propolis-containing (Glimo Beta), probiotic-containing (Glimo Pi), phosphate-based (Glimo Gamma), and a standard fluoride toothpaste (Sensodyne). Allocation concealment was ensured using identical coded containers, and outcome assessors were blinded. After exclusions, 52 participants completed the study. Oral malodor was evaluated at baseline (T0) and Day 14 (T1) using OA, BC measurements, and self-perceived oral malodor scores.
Interventions
OTHERPropolis Containing Toothpaste
Participants were instructed to brush their teeth using propolis toothpaste twice daily (morning and evening) for 14 days as part of their routine oral hygiene.
OTHERProbiotic containing toothpaste
Participants were instructed to brush their teeth using probiotic toothpaste twice daily (morning and evening) for 14 days as part of their routine oral hygiene.
OTHERPhosphate-based formulation toothpaste
Participants were instructed to brush their teeth using Phosphate-based formulation toothpaste twice daily (morning and evening) for 14 days as part of their routine oral hygiene.
Participants were instructed to brush their teeth using standard fluoride toothpaste twice daily (morning and evening) for 14 days as part of their routine oral hygiene.
Sponsors
Çankırı Karatekin University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 30 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* • No systemic diseases or medications known to cause halitosis * No active periodontal disease requiring treatment * No antibiotic use within the previous month * No orthodontic or removable space-maintaining appliances * Non-smokers * Organoleptic score \>0 and Breath-Checker® (BC) score \>0 at baseline
Exclusion criteria
* Participants reporting systemic conditions, active periodontal therapy, smoking, or antibiotic usage were excluded.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in oral malodor severity | Baseline and Day 14 | Oral malodor was assessed using an organoleptic scoring method and a portable breath checker device. The change in scores from baseline to the end of the intervention period was evaluated. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed