Chronic Kidney Disease, Inflammatory Markers, Non-Diabetic, Pentoxifylline
Conditions
Brief summary
This study aimed to determine the impact of Pentoxifylline on inflammatory biomarkers and the progression of chronic kidney disease in non-diabetic patients.
Detailed description
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition that affects \>10% of the general population worldwide, amounting to \>800 million individuals. The diagnosis of CKD is established by laboratory testing, most often by estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from a filtration marker, such as serum creatinine or cystatin C, using various formulas, or by testing urine for albumin or protein (or both). Pentoxifylline (PTX), a synthetic dimethylxanthine derivative used initially to treat intermittent claudication in patients with peripheral arterial disease due to its hemorheological effects, has been shown to have potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-cellular-damage, and antifibrotic effects.
Interventions
DRUGAngiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (Ramipril)
Patients received the standard therapy. The routine standard consisted of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) (Ramipril 1.25 mg), a calcium-based phosphate binder (calcium acetate 700 mg, containing 180 mg of calcium), alfacalcidol (0.25 µg), antihypertensive medications, and diuretics.
DRUGPentoxifylline
Patients received one capsule of Pentoxifylline 400 mg twice daily for 6 months, in addition to their standard therapy.
Sponsors
Ain Shams University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Age ˃ 18 years old. * Both sexes. * Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages G3, G4. * Patients with proteinuria \< 1 g.
Exclusion criteria
* Patients who are terminally ill. * Patients with Diabetes mellitus. * Patients with proteinuria \> 1 g. * Patients with a history of hemodialysis. * Patients with active infection or hospitalized. * Patients with recent cerebral and /or retinal Hemorrhage. * Patients taking warfarin or theophylline-containing drugs. * women who are taking oral contraceptives, pregnant, or lactating * Patients with a history of adverse reactions to Pentoxifylline. * Patients with polycystic kidney disease. * Patients with obstructive uropathy.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Levels of inflammatory marker | 3 months post-procedure | Levels of inflammatory marker was recorded. |
Countries
Egypt
Outcome results
None listed