Women Veterans, Obese Women, Postmenopausal, Sedentary Lifestlye
Conditions
Keywords
Concurrent training, High intensity interval training, Postmenopausal women, Obesity, Oxidative stress, Inflammation, Menopause
Brief summary
Introduction: Menopause is associated with body composition change, an increase in the cardio-metabolic risk factor for oxidative stress. Nevertheless, it has been suggested that regular physical training is an effective non-pharmacological intervention to reduce oxidative stress and cardio-metabolic disorders in menopausal individuals. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the effects of twelve weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and concurrent (Conc) and on body composition, cardio-metabolic indices and oxidative stress in sedentary obese postmenopausal women. Materials and methods: Forty-five menopausal obese women voluntarily participated and were randomly assigned into three groups: a) HIIT (6-12×60s of high intensity training (85-95% HRMax) and then running for 60 seconds with low intensity (55-60% HRMax)), b) concurrent endurance (performed on training with 55-75% HRMax) and strength training (including two sets in eight exercise stations with 55-75% 1RM)) and c) control group. Training programs were done for twelve weeks, 3 times per week. Body composition, cardio-metabolic indices and oxidative stress markers were measured before and after twelve weeks of exercise training program.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALHigh-Intensity Interval
HIIT consisted of alternating high- (90-95 % HR\_max) and low-intensity (55-60 % HR\_max) aerobic bouts
BEHAVIORALconcurrent training
combined aerobic and resistance exercises
BEHAVIORALControl Group
usual daily routines
Sponsors
Sanidad de Castilla y León
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain
Fundación General Universidad de Valladolid
University of Valladolid
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Intervention model description
parallel-group randomized controlled
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
50 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Women with at least 12 months of amenorrhea. * Physical abilities with the capacity to exercise safely as determined by a medical evaluation. * Women in a sedentary state, defined as performing \<150 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per week during the previous year. * BMI \>25 and ≤40 kg/ m2
Exclusion criteria
* hormone replacement therapy * smoking. * diagnosed cardiovascular, renal, or hepatic disease, uncontrolled hypertension, or any musculoskeletal limitation precluding exercise participation
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Concentration Malondialdehyde (MDA) (nmol/mL) | first day of study and after 80 days of exercise training program (end of study) | Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a highly reactive compound and a key biomarker for oxidative stress, formed primarily from the breakdown (peroxidation) of polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes, indicating cellular damage |
| Serum Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) | first day of study and after 80 days of exercise training program (end of study) | Serum Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) measures the overall ability of antioxidants in your blood (serum) to neutralize harmful free radicals, reflecting your body's defense against oxidative stress, a key factor in aging and diseases |
| Concentration Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) (pg/mL) | first day of study and after 80 days of exercise training program (end of study) | Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), also known as CCL2, is a vital CC chemokine that acts as a powerful signal, attracting monocytes, macrophages, and T cells to sites of inflammation, infection, and tissue injury in the body, playing a key role in innate immunity and various inflammatory diseases |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| % Body Fat | first day of study and after 80 days of exercise training program (end of study) | Body fat percentage is the proportion of your total body weight that is fat, not muscle, bone, or water, calculated as (Total Fat Mass / Total Body Mass) x 100 |
| waist-hip ratio (WHR) | first day of study and after 80 days of exercise training program (end of study) | The Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) is a simple measurement dividing your waist circumference by your hip circumference, showing how fat is distributed, especially around your midsection (belly). |
| total cholesterol (TC) | first day of study and after 80 days of exercise training program (end of study) | Total Cholesterol (TC) is a blood test measuring all cholesterol in your blood, to assess heart disease risk, with healthy levels generally below 200 mg/dL (or 5.0 mmol/L) |
| Concentration Triglycerides (TG) (mg/dl) | first day of study and after 80 days of exercise training program (end of study) | Triglycerides are a common type of fat (lipid) in your blood, serving as the body's main way to store energy from food |
| hip circumference (HC) | first day of study and after 80 days of exercise training program (end of study) | Hip circumference (HC) is a key body measurement of the fullest part of your hips and buttocks |
| Concentration Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) (mg/dl) | first day of study and after 80 days of exercise training program (end of study) | Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol is often called bad cholesterol because high levels build up as plaque in your arteries, narrowing them and increasing your risk for heart attacks and strokes, even though high LDL levels usually have no symptoms |
| Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) | first day of study and after 80 days of exercise training program (end of study) | he Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) is a key indicator of cardiovascular risk, calculated as the log ratio of triglycerides (TG) to HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) (Log(TG/HDL-C)), reflecting impaired lipid metabolism and inflammation |
| Serum insulin | first day of study and after 80 days of exercise training program (end of study) | Serum insulin refers to the amount of the hormone insulin circulating in your blood |
| Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) | first day of study and after 80 days of exercise training program (end of study) | HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance) is a calculation that uses your fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin levels to estimate how resistant your body's cells are to insulin. |
| Concentration High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) (mg/dl) | first day of study and after 80 days of exercise training program (end of study) | High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol is known as the good cholesterol because it helps remove bad cholesterol from your body by transporting it back to the liver for removal |
| Waist circumference (WC) | first day of study and after 80 days of exercise training program (end of study) | Waist circumference (WC) is a simple body measurement around your midsection (between the lowest rib and hip bone) used as an indicator of abdominal fat (visceral fat) |
| Body Mass Index | first day of study and after 80 days of exercise training program (end of study) | Body Mass Index (BMI) is a simple calculation using your height and weight to estimate body fat |
Countries
Spain
Outcome results
None listed