Motion Sickness
Conditions
Keywords
Motion Sickness, Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire, Psychometric Properties, Stroke
Brief summary
The aim of this study is to examine the effects of virtual reality on physiological factors (heart rate, blood pressure) in stroke patients and the psychometric properties of the Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire in assessing Motion Sickness resulting from virtual reality use.
Detailed description
Despite the proven advantages of virtual reality approximately 30% of users report nausea and up to 40% experience eye strain as a result of prolonged exposure to virtual environments and simulators. These problems are referred to as motion sickness (MS) a side effect of virtual reality use. The Motion Sickness Assessment Questionnaire (MSAQ) and the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ), which evaluates the symptoms under four titles (gastrointestinal, central, peripheral and fatigue), are used in the literature to evaluate this effect. However, these questionnaires may not be sufficient to assess the MS symptoms that develop after virtual reality (VR) applications. Because MS symptoms occur differently in VR and simulation systems. For this reason, the Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire (VRSQ) was developed by Kim and his colleagues to evaluate the symptoms that occur after virtual reality. The Turkish validity and reliability of the VRSQ, which consists of 9 questions, was also conducted by Cetin and his friends. The aim of this study to investigate how virtual reality affects physiological factors (heart rate, blood pressure) in stroke patients and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire in assessing VR-induced motion sickness.
Interventions
OTHERRoller Coaster application
Participants will experience a 15-minute roller coaster virtual reality (VR) for three consecutive days, once a day. During this study, the virtual reality application will be performed while sitting in a chair and while fixed to the chair. The practitioner will be present with the participant throughout the VR application.
Sponsors
Abant Izzet Baysal University
Study design
Observational model
CASE_CONTROL
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 80 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
for individuals with stroke: 1. Stroke diagnosis, 2. A minimum score of 24 on the Standardised Mini Mental Test (SMMT), 2.18-80 years old, 3. showing symptoms of MS with a minimum score of 10 on the Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire 4. Titmus test result of 3552 arc/s 5. Not having neglect syndrome
Exclusion criteria
1. Not volunteering for the study, 2. Presence of a diagnosis of neurological disease other than stroke, 3. Presence of a history of previous stroke, 4. Complete or partial loss of vision in one eye, 5. Previous use of Virtual Reality 6. Having diseases affecting the vestibular system such as Vertigo, Benign Paroxysmal Vertigo, Meniere's Inclusion criteria for Healthy Individuals: 1\. A minimum score of 24 on the Standardised Mini Mental Test (SMMT), 2.18-80 years old, 3. showing symptoms of MS with a minimum score of 10 on the Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire 4. Titmus test result of 3552 arc/s
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire | immediately after roller coaster application | The Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire (VRSQ), which consists of 9 items and two main headings: oculomotor discomfort and disorientation, will be used to assess Motion Sickness symptoms. The items will be scored between 0-3. As a result of VRSQ oculomotor, disorientation and total scores will be obtained. Oculomotor and disorientation scores will be calculated by dividing the individual's component score by the total score obtained (as a percentage). Minimum score is 0 and maximum score is 100. Higher scores mean more symptoms. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Titmus Test | Baseline | Three-dimensional vision of the participants will be evaluated with the Titmus test with special glasses designed for three-dimensional vision called Binocular vision stereoacuity and a brochure held 40 cm away from eye level. The participant will be asked whether they can see the butterfly on the brochure in three dimensions while wearing the glasses as a yes or no question. Participants who answer yes will proceed to the second stage. In the second stage, they will be asked to say which of the nine squares and four circles in each square they see in three dimensions. |
| National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) | Baseline | With the 15-item National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), patients with stroke; Very Severe: \>25 Severe: 15 - 24 Mild to Moderate: 5 - 14 Mild: 1-5 will be used to classify patients. The test will last 10 minutes and items will be scored as 0-2, 0-3 or 0-4. The maximum score to be obtained from the test is 42. |
| Standardized Mini Mental Test (SMMT) | Baseline | For the brief and objective measurement of cognitive function, the Standardized Mini Mental Test (SMMT) will be used, which consists of eleven items grouped under five main headings: orientation, recording memory, attention and calculation, recall and language, and takes 10-15 minutes to administer. Severe cognitive impairment: 0-17, Mild cognitive impairment: 18-23, No cognitive impairment: 24-30. |
| The Motion Sensitivity Test (MST) | immediately after roller coaster application | The Motion Sensitivity Test (MST) assesses movement-induced dizziness through 16 rapid head and body position changes. For each position, participants report the start and end of dizziness, and duration is scored from 1 to 3 based on time. They also rate dizziness intensity from 0 to 5. Duration and intensity scores are summed to obtain a raw score. The MST quotient is calculated by dividing the total symptom scores by 20.48, with 0 indicating no symptoms and 100 indicating severe symptoms in all positions. |
| Tolerance Period | During application | The patient's tolerance period, the time until symptoms become apparent, will be recorded |
| Heart Rate | baseline and immediately after roller coaster application | Participants' heart rate will be recorded with a device before and after the virtual reality experience |
| Feeling of discomfort | immediately after roller coaster application | Discomfort will be calculated by measuring the area marked by the individual from 0 (very comfortable) to 10 (not comfortable at all). |
| Blood Pressure | baseline and immediately after roller coaster application | Participants' blood pressure will be recorded with a device before and after the virtual reality experience |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed