Peri-implant Health, Peri-Implantitis, Peri-implant Mucositis
Conditions
Keywords
Dental implants, Emergence angle, Peri-implantitis, Peri-implant tissue
Brief summary
The study was conducted at the Division of Periodontology, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University Faculty of Dentistry. Participants were systemically healthy individuals aged 18 to 70 who had received dental implant prostheses within the past five years and had high-quality panoramic radiographs. The peri-implant status of the subjects was evaluated using various indices and radiographic analyses in accordance with Chicago's Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. Additionally, measurements of gingival thickness, gingival phenotype, keratinized gingival width, and emergence angle were performed.
Detailed description
Patient histories were collected from those who met the study criteria, and panoramic radiographs were taken. A total of 310 implants were initially assessed, and 192 implants were selected for inclusion in the study. All implant patients underwent an evaluation of plaque index , gingival index, bleeding on probing , pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and gingival recession. The peri-implant condition was determined using these indices and radiographs, in accordance with the guidelines from the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions and the 2023 European Federation of Periodontology. Patients were categorized into three groups: peri-implantitis (64), peri-implant health (64), and peri-implant mucositis (64). Additionally, gingival thickness (GT), keratinized gingival width (KGW), and gingival phenotype (GP) around the implants were measured, and the emergence angle (EA) of the implants was calculated.
Interventions
OTHERemergence profile
The emergence angles of the implants were measured on panoramic radiographs.
Sponsors
Abant Izzet Baysal University
Study design
Observational model
CASE_CONTROL
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 70 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Systemically healthy individuals or individuals with controlled medical conditions * Availability of high-quality panoramic radiographs that could be accurately measured after fabrication of the dental implant prosthesis * Implants placed no more than five years prior to evaluation
Exclusion criteria
* Individuals with uncontrolled systemic diseases * Presence of habitual bruxism * Current smokers * Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals * Use of anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive medications affecting the mucosa or bone * Individuals who had received treatment for peri-implant disease after implant placement * Development of peri-implantitis due to residual cement or prosthesis design, or improperly positioned implants
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Emergence angle | Baseline | EA was determined by measuring the angle formed between the long axis of the implant and a tangent line drawn to the restoration. A line was initially drawn along the long axis of the implant at its outside collar. Subsequently, a second line, tangent to the restoration, was drawn from the platform. The angle at which the junction occurred was recorded as the EA . |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| bleeding on probing | Baseline | The bleeding on probing index was established as the occurrence of bleeding in the sulcus, thirty seconds after measuring the depth of the periodontal pockets in all dental implant. |
| plaque index | Baseline | an index for estimating the status of oral hygiene by measuring dental plaque that occurs in the areas adjacent to the gingival margin. 0 is minimum and 3 is maximum. The situation worsens as the score increases. |
| gingival index | Baseline | The Gingival Index (GI) scores each site on a 0 to 3 scale, with 0 being normal and 3 being severe inflammation characterized by edema, redness, swelling, and spontaneous bleeding. 0 is minimum and 3 is maximum. |
| periodontal pocket depth | Baseline | The periodontal pocket depth is the measurement of the distance between the gingival margin and the most coronal region of the junctional epithelium. |
| Gingival recession | Baseline | Gingival recession is the measured distance between the enamel-cementum and the gingival margin. Assessment was performed using a Williams periodontal probe. |
| gingival thickness | Baseline | GT was measured by inserting a number eight canal file from the buccal side of the implant until it reached the alveolar bone and then securing it with a stopper to determine the distance. |
| keratinized tissue width | Baseline | The width of the keratinized gingiva was measured via a periodontal probe from the mucogingival margin to the gingival margin. |
| clinical attachment level | Baseline | The peri-implant clinical attachment level is determined by measuring the distance from the implant margin to the base of the mucosal sulcus using a Williams periodontal probe. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed