Body Mass Index, Emotional Eating, Obesity, Overweight
Conditions
Keywords
enneagram, personality types, emotional eating, eating habits, psychological well-being, spirituality, nutrition, holistic health, nutrition psychology, eating psychology
Brief summary
This observational study aimed to investigate the relationship between Enneagram personality types, body mass index, eating habits, emotional eating, psychological well-being, and spirituality among adults living in Turkey with normal weight, overweight, and obesity. The study adopts a holistic approach to examine how personality characteristics may be associated with nutritional and psychological factors.
Detailed description
Obesity is a multifactorial condition influenced by biological, psychological, behavioral, and social factors. Personality characteristics may play an important role in shaping eating behaviors, emotional regulation, psychological well-being, and spiritual orientation. The Enneagram personality model provides a framework for understanding individual differences in motivation, cognition, and behavior. The purpose of this observational cross-sectional study was to examine the relationships among Enneagram personality types, body mass index (BMI), eating habits, emotional eating, psychological well-being, and spirituality in adults. Participants are categorized according to BMI as normal weight, overweight, or obese. Data were collected using a sociodemographic information form, anthropometric measurements, the Enneagram Personality Scale, and validated questionnaires assessing eating habits, emotional eating, psychological well-being, and spirituality. The findings are expected to contribute to a better understanding of the psychological and behavioral factors associated with body weight status and may support the development of more personalized and holistic approaches to nutrition and health promotion.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Halime Gamze Eroğlu
Study design
Observational model
OTHER
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Adults aged between 18 and 65 years * Classified according to BMI category: Normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m²) Overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m²) Obesity (BMI ≥30.0 kg/m²) * Literate and able to understand the questionnaire * Volunteering to participate in the study
Exclusion criteria
* Individuals with a current psychiatric diagnosis * Those who have undergone bariatric surgery in the last year * Pregnant individuals
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Salzburg Emotional Eating Scale (SEES) Total Score | At baseline (cross-sectional assessment) | The SEES is a 20-item validated instrument designed to measure changes in food consumption in response to emotions. It consists of four subscales: Happiness, Sadness, Anger, and Anxiety. Each item is scored on a 5-point Likert scale (1-5). Total scores range from 20 to 100. A score of 60 represents unchanged eating behavior; scores above 60 indicate increased food consumption (emotional eating), and scores below 60 indicate decreased food consumption. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Psychological Well-Being Scale (Flourishing Scale) Total Score | At baseline (cross-sectional assessment) | An 8-item scale that describes important aspects of human functioning. Each item is answered on a 1-7 scale. Total scores range from 8 to 56. A high score represents a person who has many psychological resources and strengths |
| Spirituality Assessment Scale Total Score | At baseline (cross-sectional assessment) | A 27-item instrument comprising 7 subscales. It uses a 5-point Likert scale. Total scores range from 27 to 135. Higher scores indicate a higher level of spirituality |
| Survey of Eating Habits Total Score | At baseline (cross-sectional assessment) | A 65-item scale with 4 dimensions (prejudices against obesity, positive/negative thoughts about obesity, self-perception, and eating behaviors). It uses a 5-point Likert scale. Total scores range from 65 to 325. The score is used to evaluate the overall eating attitudes and behaviors of the individual |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | At baseline (cross-sectional assessment) | Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters (kg/m2). It is used to categorize participants into normal weight, overweight, and obesity groups. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed