Resistance Exercise, Strength, Strength Training Effects
Conditions
Keywords
Health promotion, Resistance training, strength training, carrying shopping
Brief summary
What Is This Study About? To find out whether carrying heavy shopping bags twice a week can help adults not currently meeting physical activity strength guidelines improve muscle mass, strength, power, and endurance. What Can Be learnt? * Can carrying shopping bags help improve muscle mass, strength, power, and endurance? * Should carrying shopping bags be included within physical activity recommendations? Two groups will be compared: * One group will carry shopping bags twice a week within a controlled lab environment * The other group won't change anything in their routine. What Will Participants Do? * Self-select a weight for shopping bags that is heavy but can be carried for 15 minutes to use for all sessions * Walk with shopping bags for 15 minutes at a normal walking speed for carrying shopping home from the supermarket. * After each minute, the time stops and participants place bags on the floor. The time restarts for the next minute when the participant chooses to pick up the bags again.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALExperimental: Shopping bag carrying
Four-week shopping bag carry intervention (15 mins, 2x per week). Performed under supervision in laboratory.
Sponsors
University of Glasgow
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
16 Years to 75 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Performing less than 2 days per week of muscle strengthening exercise * Pass the physical activity readiness questionnaire * Available during data collection period
Exclusion criteria
* Current or prior history of heart, lung, kidney, endocrine or liver disease or cancer. * Performing more than 2 days per week of muscle strengthening exercise * Answered yes to any of the questions in the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire * Available during data collection period
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Body composition | Baseline and one week after the intervention ended | Assessed using a Body Composition Analyzer Type BC-418 MA (Tanita Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) to determine whole body bioimpedance between the hands and feet by applying a constant current of 90 microamps at 50kHz through the body. Measurements taken in the standing position with bare feet placed on the footplate electrodes and the hand grip electrodes held by the side of the body. Whole body impedance used to derive skeletal muscle mass. |
| Muscle Endurance | Baseline and one week after the intervention ended | Endurance assessed by a 60 second sit to stand test using a 46.5cm high, straight-backed chair with a hard seat and no arm rests. From a seated position with hands on shoulders and arms crossed across the chest, participants instructed to stand up from the chair until their legs were completely straight, then sit back down again (one complete sit to stand) as many times as possible in 60 seconds. The number of complete sit to stands used in the analysis. |
| Grip strength | Baseline and one week after the intervention ended | Jamar hydraulic hand dynamometer in handle position II used to measure grip strength to the nearest 1 kg. Measurements taken with the participant seated with feet flat on the floor, elbow flexed 90 degrees by their side and with the wrist just over the end of the arm of the chair in a neutral position (thumbs-up position). Participants instructed to squeeze as hard as possible until the needle stopped rising with the verbal encouragement of squeeze, squeeze, squeeze and relax. Three trials performed on each side, alternately, with the maximum value used in the analysis in accordance with the Southampton protocol |
| Back strength | Baseline and one week after the intervention ended | Takei Back Strength Dynamometer (T.K.K. 5002 BACK-A Type-3) used to measure back strength to the nearest 1 kg. Measurements taken with the legs, back and arms straight and the torso flexed to 30 degrees at the hip with the handle held in a natural grip. Participants instructed to gradually pull as hard as they could on the handle in order to raise the upper part of their body without bending their knees. Three trials performed with the maximum value used in the analysis. |
| Jump Height | Baseline and one week after the intervention ended | Assessed using a countermovement jump with hands on hips. Participants instructed to crouch into a squat position and then jump as high as possible with legs fully extended and landing on the same spot with knees extended and feet together. After a familiarisation attempt, participants to perform three countermovement jumps and the maximum peak power used in the analysis. Jump height and flight time calculated using Microgate Optojump Next software version 1.10.5.0 connected to photoelectric bars RX10 and TX10 (Microgate Optojump Next, Bolzano, Italy) placed parallel to each other. Jump height derived from the equation: H = g×t2/8 (H = the jump height (m), t = jump flight time (seconds) and g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s-2)) |
| Peak Power | Baseline and one week after the intervention ended | Assessed using a countermovement jump with hands on hips. Participants instructed to crouch into a squat position and then jump as high as possible with legs fully extended and landing on the same spot with knees extended and feet together. After a familiarisation attempt, participants to perform three countermovement jumps and the maximum peak power used in the analysis. Jump height and flight time calculated using Microgate Optojump Next software version 1.10.5.0 connected to photoelectric bars RX10 and TX10 (Microgate Optojump Next, Bolzano, Italy) placed parallel to each other. Peak Power calculated using the Sayers equation: Peak Power (Watts) = 60.7 × jump height (cm) + 45.3 × body mass (kg) - 2055 |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Perceived exertion | 2 x per week at every visit throughout the 4 week intervention | Perceived exertion was measured using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion scale (RPE) \[44\] from 6-20, with 20 meaning the harderst exertion and 6 the least exertion at the end of each 15-minute carry for those in the intervention group. |
| Distance shopping carried | 2 x per week at every visit throughout the 4 week intervention | The number of complete corridor lengths walked with the shopping bags in 15 minutes was recorded for those in the intervention group. |
Countries
United Kingdom
Outcome results
None listed