Childbirth Education, Fear of Childbirth, Pain, Self-Efficacy
Conditions
Keywords
Pregnancy Education Program, Fear of Childbirth, Pain Belief, Self-Efficacy for Normal Birth
Brief summary
The Effect of a Constructivist-Based Prenatal Education Program on Pregnant Women's Fear of Childbirth, Pain Beliefs, and Self-Efficacy for Normal Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Detailed description
The study is a randomized controlled trial. It will be conducted at the prenatal school of Konya City Hospital between December 2025 and May 2026. A total of 126 primiparous pregnant women will be included in the study (intervention group n=63, control group n=63). The intervention group will receive the Constructivist-Based Prenatal Education Program, while the control group will receive the standard prenatal care and education provided by the hospital. Data will be collected using a personal information form, the Fear of Childbirth Scale, the Pain Beliefs Scale, and the Self-Efficacy for Normal Birth Scale.
Interventions
OTHERConstructivist-Based Prenatal Education Group
Pregnant women who agree to participate in the study and are assigned to the childbirth preparation education group will receive a Constructivist-Based Prenatal Education Program in the prenatal school department of the hospital for a total of 24 hours over 3 days. Participants in the intervention group will attend the classes in groups of 15.
Sponsors
Selcuk University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 45 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Registered in the hospital's prenatal school and actively participating in the 3-day training sessions, * Aged 18 years or older, * Between 20 and 32 weeks of gestation, * Having a singleton and low-risk pregnancy, * Primiparous (expecting their first birth), * Voluntarily agreeing to participate by signing the written informed consent form, * Able to read, understand, and communicate in Turkish.
Exclusion criteria
* Those who have previously given birth vaginally or by cesarean section (multiparous women), * Those with multiple pregnancies, * Those who conceived through assisted reproductive techniques, * Those diagnosed with serious obstetric or medical complications during pregnancy (such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, or risk of preterm birth), * Those with a history of psychiatric diagnosis or currently receiving psychiatric treatment, * Foreign nationals.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Comparison of the sociodemographic characteristics of pregnant women before the training with a survey. | 6 months | Sociodemographic information of pregnant women will be collected through surveys, compared, and reported. |
| Comparison of obstetric characteristics of pregnant women before the training with a questionnaire. | 6 months | Obstetric data of pregnant women will be collected through questionnaires, compared, and reported. |
| Comparison of the means of the Fear of Childbirth Scale among pregnant women across groups. | 6 months | The Fear of Childbirth Scale will be administered to pregnant women. The Respectful Childbirth Care scale ranges from 0 to 160 points (min-max), with higher scores indicating higher fear of childbirth. |
| Comparison of the Pain Beliefs Scale means among pregnant women across groups. | 6 months | The Pain Beliefs Scale will be administered to pregnant women.The scale evaluates two types of pain-related beliefs: organic and psychological. It includes 12 items rated on a 6-point Likert scale, with 8 items assessing organic beliefs (pain as a physiological or pathophysiological condition) and 4 items assessing psychological beliefs (pain influenced by anxiety, depression, or external factors). No total score is calculated; each subscale score is the mean of its items. Higher scores indicate stronger beliefs in that specific dimension. |
| Comparison of mean scores on the Self-Efficacy Scale for Normal Childbirth among pregnant women across groups. | 6 months | The Self-Efficacy Scale for Normal Childbirth will be administered to pregnant women. Possible scores on the scale are 0-90 (min-max). Higher scores indicate higher self-efficacy levels. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed