Exercise Training, Hormone, Inflammation Biomarkers, Training
Conditions
Keywords
Single training session, Inflammatory markers, Hormonal response, Wrestlers, Catecholamines
Brief summary
The study aims to assess the acute response of wrestlers to a single training session. Short-term changes in inflammatory, hormonal, and metabolic markers are analyzed to assess fatigue development and recovery following intense exercise. Participation in the study involves completing a standard training session and providing blood samples at three time points to assess the physiological response. The results provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying adaptation to exercise in competitive wrestlers.
Detailed description
The study aims to assess how wrestlers' bodies respond to a single, intense training session. The study focuses on short-term changes in markers of inflammation, the hormonal system (stress hormones, catecholamines), and the metabolic system. This enables a deeper understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying fatigue development and post-exercise recovery. Each participant will attend one standard training session, as outlined in the training plan. As part of the study, three venous blood samples will be collected: * Before training - at rest, to determine baseline values; * Immediately after training; * 24 hours after exercise - to evaluate recovery processes. Blood samples will be analyzed in the lab to determine: * inflammatory markers (hsCRP, IL-6, TNF-α), * muscle damage marker (CK), * stress hormones (adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol), * metabolic indicators (urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, uric acid). The project does not require any additional supplementation, dietary changes, or modifications to the training plan. Participating in the study will provide insights into each participant's individual response to intense exercise, including fatigue, inflammation, and hormonal balance. The results can help tailor training load more effectively and improve recovery. Participation in the study is completely voluntary. Participants may withdraw from participation at any time, without giving a reason, without any consequences. Withdrawal from the study will not affect their subsequent athletic training. All data obtained during the study will be treated confidentially and processed solely for scientific purposes. Results will be compiled in aggregate form, preventing the identification of individual participants. The study protocol was approved by the Bioethics Committee.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALphysical training
The intervention consists of a standardized, high-intensity wrestling training session designed to simulate typical strength-endurance exercise performed by elite wrestlers. The session includes sport-specific drills, resistance exercises, and aerobic conditioning components appropriate for this athletic discipline. All participants will perform the session under supervision to ensure safety and adherence to the planned intensity and duration.
Sponsors
Poznan University of Physical Education
Study design
Observational model
CASE_ONLY
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Currently engaged in regular strength-endurance wrestling training. * Medically cleared for high-intensity exercise by a sports physician. * Willingness to participate and provide written informed consent. * Availability to attend the training session and all blood sampling time points (pre-training, immediately post-training, 24 hours post-training).
Exclusion criteria
* Presence of acute or chronic illness that may affect exercise performance or physiological response. * Recent musculoskeletal injury limiting participation in high-intensity training. * Use of medications or supplements that may interfere with hormonal, inflammatory, or metabolic markers. * History of endocrine disorders, adrenal insufficiency, or other conditions affecting catecholamine or cortisol levels. * Inability or unwillingness to comply with study procedures.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) | 1. Before training (at rest), 2. Immediately after training, 3. 24 hours after exercise. | High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentration will be measured to assess the inflammatory response. |
| Concentration of creatine kinase (CK) | 1. Before training (at rest), 2. Immediately after training, 3. 24 hours after exercise. | Creatine kinase (CK) concentration will be measured as a biomarker of muscle damage and the physiological response to the training session. |
| Concentration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). | 1. Before training (at rest), 2. Immediately after training, 3. 24 hours after exercise. | Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) concentration will be assessed as a marker of the inflammatory response to training. |
| Concentration of interleukin-6 (IL-6). | 1. Before training (at rest), 2. Immediately after training, 3. 24 hours after exercise. | Interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration will be assessed as a marker of the inflammatory response to training. |
| Concentration of adrenaline | 1. Before training (at rest), 2. Immediately after training, 3. 24 hours after exercise. | Adrenaline concentration will be assessed as a marker of the acute sympathoadrenal response to training. |
| Concentration of noradrenaline | 1. Before training (at rest), 2. Immediately after training, 3. 24 hours after exercise. | Noradrenaline concentration will be assessed as a marker of the acute sympathoadrenal response to training. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Concentration of cortisol | 1. Before training (at rest), 2. Immediately after training, 3. 24 hours after exercise. | Cortisol concentration will be assessed as a marker of the acute neuroendocrine response to training. |
| Concentration of total protein. | 1. Before training (at rest), 2. Immediately after training, 3. 24 hours after exercise. | Total protein concentration will be assessed as a marker of changes in plasma protein status and hydration in response to training. |
| Concentration of urea. | 1. Before training (at rest), 2. Immediately after training, 3. 24 hours after exercise. | Urea concentration will be assessed as a marker of metabolic response and protein catabolism following training. |
| Concentration of albumin. | 1. Before training (at rest), 2. Immediately after training, 3. 24 hours after exercise. | Albumin concentration will be assessed as a marker of changes in plasma protein status in response to training. |
Countries
Poland
Contacts
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORAnna Kasperska, PhD
Poznan University of Physical Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poland;
Outcome results
None listed