Atherosclerosis, Hemodialysis, Serum, Vitamin D
Conditions
Brief summary
The study aimed to check if there is a link between good vitamin D levels in the blood and subclinical atherosclerosis in people on hemodialysis.
Detailed description
Hemodialysis patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) face a significantly elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to a complex interplay of factors. A 30-year-old HD patient faces a cardiovascular mortality risk equivalent to that of an 80-year-old in the general population, emphasizing the accelerated aging of the cardiovascular system in ESRD. Vitamin D may reduce inflammation and modulate immunity, lowering hypertension and dyslipidemia risks and possibly reversing vascular calcification. However, excessive supplementation can cause hypercalcemia.
Interventions
DIAGNOSTIC_TESTMeasurement of Serum Vitamin D Level
Vitamin D is made of two types, named ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3). Vitamin D2 is produced by converting ergosterol, a fungi and plants sterol, when it is exposed to light from the sun. Vitamin D3 is made differently, as it is formed in animal skin such as human skin with the help of 7-dehydrocholesterol when the skin is exposed to sunlight (UVB radiation).
OTHERMeasurement of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
Samples were collected by measuring the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) with a Mind ray Real time ultrasound scanner DC-6 doppler machine that has a probe at a frequency of 7.5 MHz. The measurement was done from three different sites each 1 cm proximal to the carotid bulb. The average of three values was taken to determine the final value. If CIMT \> 0.8 mm, it was defined as thickened. The measurements adhered to the Mannheim CIMT Consensus (2004-2006)
Sponsors
Ain Shams University
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who had been on maintenance hemodialysis for at least 6 months. * Age of 18 years or older. * Patients receiving three weekly dialysis sessions using a bicarbonate-based dialysate with anticoagulants.
Exclusion criteria
* Patients with active infections, malignancies, autoimmune diseases, or pre-existing cardiovascular conditions. * Pregnancy.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Correlation between Serum Vitamin D and Atherosclerosis | Immediately post-procedure (Up to 1 hour) | Correlation between Serum Vitamin D and Atherosclerosis was recorded. |
Countries
Egypt
Outcome results
None listed