Fear of Childbirth
Conditions
Keywords
birth perception, fear of childbirth, birth readiness, scale development, birth preparation education
Brief summary
This study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, a psychometric instrument was developed and validated to measure women's perceptions of childbirth. The scale demonstrated strong reliability and validity indicators through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. In the second phase, a randomized controlled trial was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured online education program on pregnant women's childbirth-related outcomes. A total of 80 pregnant women were recruited and randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n=40), which received a 9-hour online childbirth education program, or the control group (n=40), which received routine antenatal care. The primary outcomes were childbirth perception, fear of childbirth, and readiness for birth, assessed at baseline and post-intervention using validated instruments. The results showed that the online education program significantly improved childbirth perception and readiness for birth while reducing fear of childbirth compared to the control group. This trial provides evidence for the effectiveness of online antenatal education in promoting a positive childbirth experience and may contribute to improving maternal health outcomes in line with international recommendations for respectful maternity care.
Interventions
OTHERBirth Education
The population consisted of all pregnant women between 24-36 weeks of gestation residing in Izmir province, and the study was completed with a total of 80 pregnant women, 40 pregnant women as intervention and 40 as control in line with the snowball sampling method. Ege Birth Perception Scale, Risk Assessment Form, Individual Introduction Form, Prenatal Self-Assessment Scale, Birth Education Evaluation Form were used to collect the data. Pregnant women who agreed to participate in the study were randomly divided into intervention and control groups; the intervention group received nine hours of online training, while the control group did not receive any intervention.
Sponsors
Ege University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Intervention model description
pretest-posttest, randomized controlled quasi-experimental design intervention research
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Pregnant women aged 18 years or older * Gestational age between 20-34 weeks at the time of enrollment * Ability to read and understand Turkish * Access to the internet and a device (computer, tablet, or smartphone) to attend online sessions * Willingness to participate in a 9-hour online childbirth education program * Provided written informed consent
Exclusion criteria
* High-risk pregnancy requiring specialized medical care (e.g., preeclampsia, placenta previa, multiple gestation with complications) * Known psychiatric disorders that could interfere with participation (e.g., severe anxiety disorder, major depression, psychosis) * Inability to attend online sessions due to technical or personal limitations * Previous participation in a structured childbirth education program during the current pregnancy * Refusal or withdrawal of informed consent
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Childbirth Perception Score | Measured by the validated Childbirth Perception Scale at baseline (before intervention) and 4 weeks after the intervention. |
| Fear of Childbirth Score | Measured by the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ) at baseline and 4 weeks after the intervention. |
| Readiness for Birth Scor | Measured by the Childbirth Readiness Scale at baseline and 4 weeks after the intervention. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed