Hypertension (HTN)
Conditions
Keywords
hypertension, intensity interval training, nostril breathing, heart rate, blood pressure
Brief summary
Hypertension (HTN) is the foremost preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality, contributing to over 7 million deaths annually within the nearly 17 million attributed to CVD. Effective management through lifestyle modifications, including aerobic exercises specifically interval training presents a promising avenue for blood pressure regulation by promoting vasodilation and regulating the autonomic nervous system. Likewise, alternate nostril breathing has demonstrated efficacy in lowering blood pressure by optimizing oxygenation and improving endothelial function but their combined effect on BP measures is yet to be determined. Hence this study aims to determine the combined effects of aerobic interval training with and without alternate nostril breathing on blood pressure, rate pressure product and quality of life in patients with hypertension.
Interventions
OTHERExperimental Group
The interventional group will perform aerobic training (stationary cycling) 3 days a week for 5 weeks, starting with 40-60% heart rate reserve (HRR) for 20-30 minutes, with thein the first week and increasing to 40-85% HRR, maintaining a target heart rate of 40-60% HRR at the lower end and 75-85% HRR at the upper end, following a 1:4 work-to-rest ratio for 30-40 minutes in subsequent weeks, with the warm up of 5 mins before the session and a cool down of 5-7 mins after every seasion. Exercise heart rate will be calculated using the Karvonen formula for the base line week and the following weeks.Following each aerobic session, they'll practice Alternate Nostril Breathing (ANB), beginning with 5 minutes in the first week and progressing to 10 minutes thereafter. ANB involves specific hand positioning and breathing techniques to promote relaxation and balance. All sessions will be supervised by a physiotherapist.
In interventional group 'A' participants will perform aerobic training for 3 days a week for 30-40 minutes a day for 5 consecutive weeks. Exercise heart rate will be calculated using the Karvonen formula. For the first base line week the aerobic session begins with a 5-minute warm-up. The primary cardiovascular component involves using a cycle ergometer (stationary cycling) at an intensity of 40-60% heart rate reserve (HRR) for 20-30 minutes. Finally, the workout will concludes with a cool-down phase lasting 5-7 minutes, allowing the heart rate to gradually return to baseline and preventing post-exercise hypotension. From the second week onwards, the aerobic training session will begin with a 5-minute warm-up to prepare the body and gradually increase heart rate. The main workout involves a cycle ergometer, maintaining a target heart rate of 40-60% HRR at the lower end and 75-85% HRR at the upper end, following a 1:4 work-to-rest ratio for 30-40 minutes. The session ends with a 5-7 min
Sponsors
Foundation University Islamabad
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
This is a randomized controlled trial having two groups. One group (Group B), will receive alternative nostril breathing along with aerobic interval training and the other group group B) will receive only aerobic interval training.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
25 Years to 50 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Adults aged 25- 50 years -males and females * Patients diagnosed with stage 1 hypertension 130 - 139 / 80 - 89 mmHg and stage 2 hypertension, BP level ≥140/90 mmHg. according to AHA/ACC 2017 Guidelines-Individuals who are able to understand and follow the instructions for exercise
Exclusion criteria
* Diagnosed with any current infections * subjects with diagnosed musculoskeletal or neurological conditions which hinder participation in physical activity program * Active Smokers * Those with any contraindication to exercise testing or training. * Pregnant females
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| heart rate | 05 weeks | heart rate will be measured by pulse oximeter |
| blood pressure | 05 weeks | it will be measured by pulse oximeter |
| Rate pressure product | 05 weeks | it will be evaluated by formula : systolic blood pressure x heart rate resting by using sphygmomanometer |
Countries
Pakistan
Contacts
Primary ContactSameen Fatima, DPT
Backup ContactZara Khalid, PhD
Outcome results
None listed