Asthma; Eosinophilic
Conditions
Keywords
Hyperpolarized Xenon MRI, Clinical Remission, Biologic Therapy, Airway Remodeling
Brief summary
In this program of research, the investigators aim to answer the question: In patients with asthma aged 18-80, how do the lung airways and vessels respond to biologic therapy and what role does age and asthma duration have in this response? While about 4.6 million Canadians live with asthma, \ 5-10% of patients have severe asthma meaning that multiple inhaled and systemic oral corticosteroid treatments have failed to improve symptoms and exacerbations, leading to lost work and school days and substantially diminished ability to participate in normal life. For such people, the vast majority of whom are middle aged and remember asthma as part of their entire lifespan, biologic immunomodulator therapies, which block the function of asthma inflammatory pathways, provide a final step-up therapy option. There is emerging evidence that prescribed in the right patient at the right time, the right biologic can result in clinical remission of asthma. While spontaneous clinical remission of asthma is rare, it has been documented in children in whom lung growth and remodeling is still possible. It remains unknown whether clinical remission in adults is accompanied by the reversal of pathologic remodeling, at the level of the airways and pulmonary vessels. This is critical to elucidate as investigators and physicians move forward with currently proposed criteria for "complete asthma remission". The inconvenient truth about asthma and age is that in older adult lungs, exposed to years of infection, exacerbations, smooth muscle remodeling and pulmonary vascular shunt, the mechanisms by which complete pathologic remission may be achieved are complex and poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, the investigators will evaluate 150 patients (Vancouver, Ottawa, Hamilton, London) (in three age tertiles 18-29; 30-59; 60-80) with severe asthma and 50 age- and sex matched healthy volunteers over 2-years using chest CT, MRI and pulmonary function tests. The investigators will use the pulmonary imaging measurements to generate an imaging-index of normal airway structure and function which will be compared with and significantly correlate with MR-guided bronchoscopic sample measurements made before and after 1-/2-years of treatment. The investigators will reveal the pathobiologic relationship between age, asthma duration, clinical remission and imaging normalization with direct comparison to histology-based airway measurements.
Interventions
BIOLOGICALBiologic Therapy
Participants with severe asthma (GINA 5) who are eligible to begin biologic therapy. Participants will undergo serial assessment with pulmonary imaging (CT, MRI), lung function testing, sputum collection, and symptom questionnaires. A subset of participants (\~15%) will be randomized to undergo MRI-guided bronchoscopy with airway sampling at baseline and 2 years.
Sponsors
Western University, Canada
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
Parallel assignment of participants to one of two arms: (1) patients with severe asthma initiating biologic therapy, and (2) healthy volunteers serving as controls. Asthma patients are followed over 2 years to assess clinical, imaging, and histologic responses to biologic treatment. A randomized subset of asthma participants undergoes MRI-guided bronchoscopy to correlate imaging with histopathology.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 80 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
Participants eligible for inclusion in this study must meet all the following criteria: 1. Participant understands study procedures and is willing to participate in the study as indicated by the patient's signature. 2. Provision of written, informed consent prior to any study specific procedures. 3. Males and females aged 18 to 80 years. 4. Either diagnosed with severe asthma (GINA Step 5) and newly eligible for biologic therapy (based on ACQ-5, current treatment, exacerbation history, and blood eosinophils in accordance with approved criteria for omalizumab, mepolizumab, benralizumab, dupilumab, or tezepelumab), or a healthy volunteer with no history of chronic lung disease, matched by age and sex. Healthy participants must have a lifetime combustible tobacco and/or cannabis (including vaping) consumption of ≤5 pack-years. 5. Women of childbearing potential (after menarche) must ensure that they are using an effective form of birth control for at least 2 months prior to each imaging visit. Examples of effective birth control include: 1. True sexual abstinence 2. A vasectomized sexual partner 3. Implanon® 4. Female sterilization by tubal occlusion 5. Effective intrauterine device (IUD)/levonogestrel intrauterine system (IUS) 6. Depo-Provera™ injections 7. Oral contraceptive 8. Evra Patch™ 9. Nuvaring™ 6. Women of childbearing potential (after menarche) must agree to use a highly effective form of birth control, as defined above, from enrollment, throughout the study duration, and 8 weeks after last dose of study drug, with negative urine pregnancy test result at Visit 1-5. 7. Male participants who are sexually active must agree to use a double barrier method of contraception (male condom with diaphragm or male condom with cervical cap) from the first dose of the study drug until 8 weeks after last dose
Exclusion criteria
Participants fulfilling any of the following criteria are not eligible for inclusion in this study: 1. Patient has an implanted mechanically, electrically, or magnetically activated device or any metal in their body which cannot be removed, including but not limited to pacemakers, neurostimulators, biostimulators, implanted insulin pumps, aneurysm clips, bioprosthesis, artificial limb, metallic fragment or foreign body, shunt, surgical staples (including clips or metallic sutures and/or ear implants) (at the discretion of the MRI Technologist). 2. In the investigator's opinion, subject suffers from any physical, psychological or other condition(s) that might prevent performance of the MRI or CT, such as severe claustrophobia. 3. Participants who are pregnant, breastfeeding or have a positive pregnancy test at initial screening visit. 4. Participant is unable to perform spirometry or plethysmography maneuvers. 5. Participant is unable to perform MRI and CT breath-hold maneuvers.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Determine extent of imaging-based remission in patients with severe asthma following 1 and 2 years of biologic therapy | from baseline to year 1 and year 2 | Measured using 129Xe ventilation defect percent (VDP) |
| Measure the extent and timing of clinical remission in patients with severe asthma as measured by changes in spirometry measurements of FEV1 and FVC | from baseline to 1 year and 2 years | Measured using forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity |
| To determine the extent and timing of clinical remission in patients with severe asthma using symptoms scores of ACQ-5 and ACT | From baseline to 1 year and 2 years | Measured using changes in asthma control questionnaire and asthma control test |
| Determine the extent and timing of imaging-based remission in patients with severe asthma using CT airway and vessel morphology | From baseline to 1 year and 2 years | Measured using computed tomography (CT) airway and vessel metrics |
| To determine the extent and timing of clinical remission using the clinical outcome of frequency of asthma exacerbations in patients with severe asthma | from baseline to 1 year and 2 years | Measured using the number of asthma exacerbations |
| To determine the extent and timing of clinical remission of patients with severe asthma using the clinical outcome of OCS use | From baseline to 1 year and 2 years | Measured by the frequency of oral corticosteroid usage |
| Determine the extent and timing of clinical remission in patients with severe asthma as measured by sputum and blood eosinophil counts | From baseline to 1 year and 2 years | Measured using blood and sputum eosinophil counts |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Timing and proportion of patients achieving clinical remission after biologic treatment as measured by FEV1 and FVC. | From baseline to 1 year and 2 years | Measured using forced expiratory volume at 1 second and forced vital capacity. |
| To determine the timing and proportion of patients achieving clinical remission as measured by ACQ-5 and ACT questionnaires. | From baseline to 1 year and 2 years | Measured by asthma control questionnaire and asthma control test questionnaire scores. |
| Determine the timing and proportion of patients with severe asthma achieving clinical remission after biologic treatment using FeNO. | From baseline to 1 year and 2 years | Measured using fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) |
| Determine the timing and proportion of patients with severe asthma achieving clinical remission using DLco. | From baseline to 1 year and 2 years | Measured using diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLco) |
| Determine the timing and proportion of patients with severe asthma achieving clinical remission after biologic treatment using SGRQ score. | From baseline to 1 year and 2 years. | Measured using St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score. |
| Determine the timing and proportion of patients with severe asthma achieving clinical remission on biologic treatment using AQLQ scores. | From baseline to 1 year and 2 years | Measured using the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) score. |
| Determine the timing and proportion of patients with severe asthma achieving imaging normalization after biologic treatment using 129-Xe MRI VDP | From baseline to 1 year and 2 years | Measured using the changes in 129-xenon MRI ventilation defect percent (VDP) |
| Determine the timing and proportion of patients with severe asthma achieving imaging normalization after biologic treatment using CT metrics | From baseline to 1 year and 2 years | Measured using computed tomography (CT) mucus-score, airway dimensions and vascular pruning |
| Determine the timing and proportion of patients with severe asthma achieving imaging normalization after biologic treatment using DLco. | From baseline to 1 year and 2 years | Measured using diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLco) |
| Determine the timing and proportion of patients with severe asthma achieving imaging normalization after biologic treatment using RV/TLC | From baseline to 1 year and 2 years | Measured using the ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity (RV/TLC) |
| Determine the timing and proportion of patients with severe asthma achieving imaging normalization after biologic treatment using FRC. | From baseline to 1 year and 2 years | Measured using functional residual capacity (FRC). |
| Determine the relationships between clinical and imaging remission and generate predictive models for their achievement using changes in VDP | from baseline to 12-weeks and 2-years | Measured using ventilation defect percent (VDP) |
| Determine the relationship between clinical and imaging remission and generate predictive models for their achievement using changes in CT. | From baseline to 12-weeks and 2-years | Measured using computed tomography (CT) airway wall thickness, mucus metrics |
| Determine the relationships between clinical and imaging remission and generate predictive models for their achievement using FeNO. | From baseline to 12-weeks and 2-years | Measured using forced exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). |
| Determine the relationships between clinical and imaging remission and generate predictive models for their achievement using ACQ-5 and ACT scores. | From baseline to 12-weeks and 2-years. | Measured using asthma control questionnaire and asthma control test scores. |
| Determine the relationships between clinical and imaging remission and generate predictive models for their achievement using sputum biomarkers. | From baseline to 12-weeks and 2-years | Measured using sputum eosinophil and cell count values |
| Determine the relationships between clinical and imaging remission and generate predictive models for their achievement using exacerbation history. | From baseline to 12-weeks and 2-years. | Measured using patient's reported exacerbation history. |
Countries
Canada
Contacts
CONTACTGrace Parraga, PhD
CONTACTAngela Wilson, RRT
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORGrace Parraga, PhD
Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario
Outcome results
None listed