Psychological Aspects, Vaccination, Vaccination Hesitancy, Vaccination Promotion
Conditions
Keywords
Vaccination, Vaccine Confidence, Attitudinal Roots, Psychological Traits, Motivated Social Cognition
Brief summary
The goal of this study was to identify psychological motives that had the strongest statistical associations with vaccine outcomes in order to identify novel intervention targets to be used in vaccine promotion efforts. A national sample of US adults completed an online survey containing a variety of vaccine-related measures and psychological trait measures.
Detailed description
A national sample of US adults were recruited through Dynata, an online survey panel company, to complete an online survey. Participants completed a variety of vaccine-related survey items and an unprecedented number (\>20) of psychological trait measures. This was possible by using a Planned Missingness Design, where respondents only answer a predetermined subset of survey questions, which allows us to include more measures without significantly increasing the burden for participants. Participants were randomized to one of the three question blocks, where each block had a predetermined set of items that were roughly 1/3 of the items from each psychological trait measure. They were also randomized to complete questions that were about the psychological traits in general or about vaccines specifically.
Interventions
DIAGNOSTIC_TESTGeneral Psych Trait Measure
Respondents were randomized to answer whether psychological trait questions were general or about vaccines
OTHERVaccine-Specific Psych Trait Measures
Respondents were randomized to answer whether psychological trait questions were general or about vaccines
Sponsors
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
University of Iowa
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
FACTORIAL
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Masking description
Randomization was done by the online survey platform (Qualtrics)
Intervention model description
Decades of research has shown that information is sought out, evaluated, and used in a biased way in order to satisfy people's motivations to satisfy their psychological needs. This bias in information processing is broadly referred to as motivated social cognition. Three general psychological needs people are motivated to satisfy include: 1. Managing threats: Motivations to eliminate perceived physical, emotional, or ideological threats 2. Reducing uncertainty: Motivations to reduce uncertainty, complexity, ambiguity, or disorder 3. Achieving social goals: Motivations for relationships with like-minded others and keeping groups distinct I propose that different forms of these motives may underlie vaccine outcomes and the processing of vaccine-related information.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Consent to participate * Agree to provide quality responses
Exclusion criteria
* Quota completed (Equal #s of respondents in each group) * Age group: 18-49, 50-64, 65+ * Race/ethnicity: Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic * Income: \<$50K, $50K or more * Gender: Female, Male or other gender identity
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vaccine attitudes | Day 1 | Feelings towards vaccines on a 7-point scale, with Very negative (1) and Very positive (7) as the scale anchors |
| Vaccination History | Day 1 | Indicated if they had received up to 7 age-recommended vaccines (Response options: No, Yes, Don't know/Unsure) |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Psychological trait measures | Day 1 | 26 measures: Needle phobia, Disgust sensitivity, Distrust, Conspiratorial mindset, Medical ambiguity aversion, Open-minded thinking, Self-protection motivation, Psychological reactance, 7 Moral Foundations, Self-construal, Social dominance orientation, Misinformation susceptibility, Faith in intuition, Delay discounting, Outcome bias, Scientific knowledge, Subjective numeracy, Health literacy, Medical maximizing-minimizing, Emotional reactivity to rare events |
| 7C Antecedents to Vaccination | Day 1 | Single item to measure each antecedent to vaccination |
| Attitudes towards Complementary and Alternative Medicine | Day 1 | 6 item measure |
| Personal Characteristics/Demographics | Day 1 | 16 characteristics: Gender, Age, Race/ethnicity, Income, State of residence, Zip code, Relationship status, Education, Work in medical field, Economic political ideology, Social political ideology, Political party affiliation strength, Religiosity, Religious ideology, Subjective health, Health conditions |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed