Periodontal Diseases
Conditions
Keywords
coffee, periodontal disease, periodontitis
Brief summary
A total of 318 patients applying to Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University will be included in the study. Based on anamnesis, radiographic examination, and the 2018 classification of periodontal diseases, the participants will be categorized into three groups: periodontal health (n=106), gingivitis (n=106), and periodontitis (n=106). Information regarding participants' coffee consumption habits and their daily coffee intake will be collected. Clinical parameters to be measured will include plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, gingival recession, and clinical attachment level. The frequency of coffee consumption will be evaluated as daily, 1-2 times per week, 3-4 times per week, once per month, twice per month, and once per year. The amount of coffee consumed at a single occasion (cup, glass, mug, etc.) will also be recorded. In caffeinated coffee consumption, the preference for weak, moderate, or strong coffee, as well as consumption with milk, condensed milk, sugar, honey, or sweeteners will be assessed. For Turkish coffee, the consumption pattern will be categorized as unsweetened, moderately sweetened, or sweetened.
Interventions
OTHERcoffee
The type of coffee consumed, the daily amount of coffee, and the frequency of consumption were measured.
Sponsors
Tuğba ŞAHİN
Study design
Observational model
OTHER
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Healthy individuals were between 18 and 65 years
Exclusion criteria
* Individuals were excluded if they had smoked more than 100 cigarettes in their lifetime, were current smokers, had a diagnosis of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, were pregnant, or were breastfeeding.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| periodontal pocket depth | Baseline | physical methods to measure the distance from the bottom of a pocket to a reference line, usually the gingival margin or the cemento-enamel junction. |
| bleeding on probing | baseline | To test for bleeding after probing, the probe is carefully introduced to the bottom of the pocket and gently moved laterally along the pocket wall. + is maximum and - is minimum. |
| Frequency of consumption of coffee | baseline | the frequency of fermented foods is measured. The foods questioned were evaluated using a 7-point Likert-type frequency form (every day, 3-4 per week, 1-2 per week, 2 per month, 1 per month, never). In addition, the amounts of foods consumed each time were recorded, and the daily consumption amounts were obtained by dividing them by the frequency of consumption. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| plaque index | baseline | an index for estimating the status of oral hygiene by measuring dental plaque that occurs in the areas adjacent to the gingival margin. 0 is minimum and 3 is maximum. The situation worsens as the score increases. |
| gingival index | baseline | The Gingival Index (GI) scores each site on a 0 to 3 scale, with 0 being normal and 3 being severe inflammation characterized by edema, redness, swelling, and spontaneous bleeding. 0 is minimum and 3 is maximum. The situation worsens as the score increases. |
| clinical attachment level | baseline | The clinical attachment level (CAL) and radiographically assessed bone levels are used to assess the loss of periodontal tissue support in periodontitis, a chronic, multifactorial inflammatory disease of the periodontium. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed