Cesarean Section; Dehiscence, Postoperative Pain
Conditions
Keywords
Postoperative Pain, Cesarean Section, Anxiety
Brief summary
This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effects of music listening on anxiety and pain among women following cesarean delivery. A total of 110 women who had undergone cesarean section were included. Beginning at the 24th postpartum hour, participants in the intervention group listened to relaxing classical music for 15 minutes every hour, while no intervention was applied to the control group. The study was designed to determine whether music listening could influence postpartum anxiety and perceived pain.
Detailed description
Postpartum women undergoing cesarean section often experience significant levels of anxiety and pain, which can negatively affect recovery and maternal-infant bonding. In addition to pharmacological methods, non-pharmacological strategies such as music listening may play an important role in supporting women during this period. In this study, 110 women who had undergone cesarean delivery were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Starting at the 24th postpartum hour until the 48th hour, women in the intervention group listened to relaxing classical instrumental music (e.g., works by Mozart, Vivaldi, and Debussy) for 15 minutes every hour. The control group received no intervention. Participants' demographic and clinical characteristics were collected using the Descriptive Characteristics Form, while postpartum anxiety and pain perception were assessed with the Postpartum-Specific Anxiety Scale (PSAS) and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). The primary outcome was anxiety, and the secondary outcome was pain perception. The study sought to assess whether a music-based, culturally appropriate, non-pharmacological intervention could be an effective component of routine postpartum care following cesarean delivery.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALMusic Listening (Relaxing Classical Music)
Participants listened to a standardized playlist of relaxing classical instrumental music (e.g., Mozart, Vivaldi, Debussy) for 15 minutes every hour, beginning at the 24th postpartum hour until the 48th hour. The intervention aimed to reduce postpartum anxiety and pain perception.
Sponsors
Selcuk University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group, which received music listening, or the control group, with no intervention, in a parallel assignment model
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 45 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Women aged 18 years or older Primiparous (first-time mothers) Underwent cesarean section under spinal anesthesia Mentally healthy and able to communicate No hearing impairments (able to hear the music intervention) No chronic illnesses No complications during labor for mother or newborn Proficient in Turkish Voluntarily agreed to participate and provided informed consent
Exclusion criteria
Multiparous women (previous childbirth experience) Women who used non-routine analgesics beyond standard postpartum pain relievers Presence of psychiatric disorders or severe mental illness Medical complications during or after delivery for mother or infant Hearing impairments preventing participation in music listening Women unwilling or unable to comply with the intervention protocol
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Postpartum Anxiety | 48th postpartum hour | Measured using the Postpartum-Specific Anxiety Scale (PSAS) at the 48th postpartum hour. Higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety. |
| Pain Catastrophizing | 48th postpartum hour | Measured using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) at the 48th postpartum hour. Higher scores indicate greater pain catastrophizing. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Total Duration of Music Listening | Between the 24th and 48th postpartum hour | Total number of minutes of music listened by participants in the intervention group across the intervention period. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed