Behavioral Problems, Childhood Anxiety, Childhood Depression, Emotional Problems, Low Self-Esteem, Quality of Life (QOL), Social Skills
Conditions
Keywords
Anxiety and depressive symptoms, Pakistani Children, Super Skills for Life, Social skills, Quality of life
Brief summary
Super Skills for Life (SSL) is a transdiagnostic prevention program designed for children with anxiety and depressive symptoms based on cognitive-behavioral therapy. This study is a Cluster Randomization Trial(cRCT) to determine the of the effectiveness of the SSL program to reduce anxiety and depressive symptoms along with improving self-esteem, social skills and overall quality of life in a sample of 126, 5th grade children recruited from 6 schools from Pakistan. Schools were the unit of randomization and were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions; intervention group (SSL) and waiting list control (WLC) group. Assessments were conducted before and after the 8 sessions of intervention and follow-up assessment after 6 months.
Detailed description
Super Skills for Life (SSL) is a transdiagnostic prevention program designed for children with anxiety and depressive symptoms based on cognitive-behavioral therapy. This study is a Cluster Randomization Trial(cRCT) to determine the of the effectiveness of the SSL program to reduce anxiety and depressive symptoms along with improving self-esteem, social skills and overall quality of life in a sample of 126, 5th grade children recruited from 6 schools from Pakistan. Schools were the unit of randomization and were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions; intervention group (SSL) and waiting list control (WLC) group. Assessments were conducted before and after the 8 sessions of intervention and follow-up assessment after 6 months.
Interventions
OTHERSuper Skills for Life (SSL) Program
Its Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) Based 8 sessions Super Skills for Life (SSL) Program for childhood Anxiety Management.
Routine Activities in Class
Sponsors
Fatima Jinnah Women University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
FACTORIAL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Outcomes Assessor)
Intervention model description
In the intervention arm, 8 sessions Super Skills for Life (SSL), were delivered to students who were screened positive for anxiety symptoms. Whereas Wait-list control group participants were not provided with intervention, they remained as usual with routine activities by teachers.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
9 Years to 13 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Inclusion Criteria of the study was a selection of children of Grade 5th presented with anxiety symptoms according to their scores equal to or greater than 25 on a total scale score of The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) with age 9 and 13 years, who can speak and understand Urdu easily.
Exclusion criteria
* Children who have any serious physical/medical diseases, diagnosed mental health issues, developmental delays, or learning difficulties, and are under any psychological treatment were excluded. Furthermore, children who had undergone any surgery or experienced serious traumatic events in the past 6 months and who did not get permission from their parents with written informed consent from parents/ not willing to were also excluded.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) | Immediately after Intervention and Followup after 6 months | Psychometric tool for Anxiety Measurement |
| The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) | Immediately post intervention and after 6 months | Psychometric Tool for the measurement of Depression |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| The Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) | Immediately post intervention and after 6 months | Tool for the measurement of overall emotional and behavioural problems |
| Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) | Immediately after intervention and after 6 months | Scale for assessing Self-Esteem |
| Social Skills Questionnaire (SSQ) | immediately after intervention and after 6 months | tool for assessing Social Skills |
| Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) | immediately after intervention and after 6 months | tool for assessing Pediatric Quality of Life |
Countries
Pakistan
Outcome results
None listed