Flatfoot, Gait
Conditions
Brief summary
This study aims to investigate the effects of pes planus deformity on gait spatiotemporal parameters and pelvic kinematics during walking on different inclines. Participants will include healthy adults aged 18-35 years with flexible bilateral pes planus and normal body mass index. Pes planus severity will be evaluated using the Jack's toe-raise test and the navicular drop test. Gait parameters such as walking speed, cadence, stride length, stance and swing phase percentages, gait cycle duration, as well as pelvic tilt, obliquity, and rotation symmetry will be measured using the BTS-G wireless sensor system. Assessments will be performed on both flat and inclined treadmill conditions. The findings are expected to provide new insights into the biomechanical adaptations of pes planus during walking and contribute to the development of an individualized rehabilitation protocol.
Detailed description
This study will evaluate the effects of pes planus deformity on gait spatiotemporal parameters and pelvic kinematics during walking on flat and inclined surfaces. Flexible pes planus will be confirmed with Jack's toe-raise test, and severity will be assessed using the navicular drop test. Healthy adults aged 18-35 years with bilateral flexible pes planus and normal BMI will be included. Exclusion criteria are lower extremity injury or surgery in the last 6 months, chronic ankle instability, other musculoskeletal disorders, or orthotic use. Gait will be assessed with the BTS-G wireless sensor system, recording speed, cadence, stride length, stance and swing phase percentages, gait cycle duration, pelvic tilt, obliquity, and rotation symmetry. Participants will walk in standard sports shoes on level and inclined treadmill conditions. Data will be analyzed to determine biomechanical differences across surfaces. The findings may provide insights into how pes planus influences gait and contributes to rehabilitation and footwear strategies.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Hacettepe University
Yuksek Ihtisas University
Study design
Observational model
CASE_CONTROL
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 35 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
\*\*Pes Planus Group * Age 18-35 years * Normal BMI * Bilateral, asymptomatic flexible pes planus * Navicular drop ≥10 mm (both feet) * Willing and able to provide informed consent and complete the procedure. \*\*Healthy Control Group * Age 18-35 years * Normal BMI * No pes planus deformity; otherwise healthy and able to complete procedures
Exclusion criteria
\*\* both groups * Use of orthotics/insoles * Musculoskeletal disorders affecting gait (other than pes planus in the case group) * Lower extremity injury or surgery within the last 6 months * Chronic ankle instability * Any treatment related to the lower extremity/pes planus within the last 6 months
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Gait Speed (Level vs. Inclined Walking) | up to 6 months | Self-selected walking speed (m/s) measured during 20-m trials under level and inclined treadmill conditions using the BTS-G wireless sensor (L4-L5 placement). Between-group (pes planus vs control) and within-condition comparisons. |
| Cadence | up to 6 months | Steps per minute captured by BTS-G during level and inclined walking; between-group and within-condition comparisons.Unit of Measure: steps/min. |
| Stride Length | up to 6 months | Stride length (cm) during level and inclined walking recorded via BTS-G; between-group and within-condition comparisons. |
| Stance and Swing Phase Percentages | up to 6 months | Percentage of the gait cycle spent in stance and swing (%) under level and inclined conditions using BTS-G; between-group and within-condition comparisons. |
| Pelvic Kinematics-pelvic tilt | up to 6 months | Pelvic tilt recorded with BTS-G sensor across barefoot, 2 cm heel, and 6 cm heel conditions. It will be recorded as a degree. |
| Pelvic Kinematics-pelvic obliquity | up to 6 months | Pelvic obliquity recorded with BTS-G sensor across barefoot, 2 cm heel, and 6 cm heel conditions. It will be recorded as a degree. |
| Pelvic Kinematics- pelvic rotation | up to 6 months | Pelvic rotation recorded with BTS-G sensor across barefoot, 2 cm heel, and 6 cm heel conditions. It will be recorded as a degree. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Navicular Drop (Severity of Pes Planus) | Baseline (prior to treadmill assessments) | Navicular drop distance measured to quantify pes planus severity (baseline characterization).Unit of Measure: mm. |
| BMI (Body Mass Index) | Baseline (prior to treadmill assessments) | Calculated as weight(kg)/height(m²) for baseline characterization.Unit of Measure: kg/m². |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Contacts
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORAybuke Ertugrul
Yuksek Ihtisas University
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORElıf Ceren Ersoy
Yuksek Ihtisas University
STUDY_DIRECTORBusra Kalkan Balak
Yuksek Ihtisas University
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORZehranur Dağasar
Yuksek Ihtisas University
Outcome results
None listed