Occupational Health
Conditions
Keywords
Stress First Aid, Harm Reduction Workers, Persons who use drugs, overdose prevention, community outreach workers, peer workers
Brief summary
The aim of this study is to pilot and test the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of a Stress First Aid (SFA) intervention adapted for Harm Reduction Workers (HRWs) serving Persons Who Use Drugs. The intervention consists of a training and learning collaboratives used to reinforce the SFA principles
Interventions
BEHAVIORALStress First Aid for Harm Reduction Workers
The intervention was a 2-hour, in-person SFA/HRW training followed by 30-minute monthly learning collaboratives to address occupational stress of harm reduction workers.
Sponsors
Suzannah Creech
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
Pilot test
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 100 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Legal age of majority (18 +), * Ability to read and speak conversational English, and * Work as an HRW in substance misuse.
Exclusion criteria
* Inability to provide consent.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Mean Knowledge of Stress First Aid (SFA) Assessed by Stress First Aid Knowledge, Confidence, and Beliefs - Knowledge Sub-Scale at 4 Months | Assessed from enrollment to the end of the intervention at 4 months, 4 months reported | A 3-item, 5-point Likert type sub-scale of Stress First Knowledge, Confidence, and Beliefs Scale, developed by the developers of Stress First Aid (SFA), with a minimum score 1 "Does not describe me at all", maximum score 5 "Describes me very well", where a higher score is a better outcome. |
| Mean Confidence in Stress First Aid (SFA) Assessed by Stress First Aid Knowledge, Confidence, and Beliefs - Confidence Sub-Scale at 4 Months | Assessed from enrollment to the end of the intervention at 4 months, 4 months reported | A 6-item, 5-point Likert type sub-scale of Stress First Knowledge, Confidence, and Beliefs Scale, developed by the developers of Stress First Aid (SFA), with a minimum score 1 "Does not describe me at all", maximum score 5 "Describes me very well", where a higher score is a better outcome. |
| Mean Beliefs in Stress First Aid (SFA) Assessed by Stress First Aid Knowledge, Confidence, and Beliefs - Beliefs Sub-Scale at 4 Months | Assessed from enrollment to the end of the intervention at 4 months, 4 months reported | A 5-item, 5-point Likert type sub-scale of Stress First Knowledge, Confidence, and Beliefs Scale, developed by the developers of Stress First Aid (SFA), with a minimum score 1 "Does not describe me at all", maximum score 5 "Describes me very well", where a higher score is a better outcome. |
| Mean Acceptability of SFA Assessed by Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM) | Immediately after the 2-hour, in-person training. | A 4-item, 5-point Likert-type scale from Weiner et al., 2017, with a minimum score 1 "Completely disagree", maximum score 5 "Completely agree", where a higher score is a better outcome. |
| Mean Appropriateness of SFA Assessed by Intervention Appropriateness Measure (IAM) | Immediately after the 2-hour, in-person training. | A 4-item, 5-point Likert-type scale from Weiner et al., 2017, with a minimum score 1 "Completely disagree", maximum score 5 "Completely agree", where a higher score is a better outcome. |
| Mean Feasibility of SFA Assessed by Feasibility of Intervention Measure (FIM) | Immediately after the 2-hour, in-person training. | A 4-item, 5-point Likert-type scale from Weiner et al., 2017, with a minimum score 1 "Completely disagree", maximum score 5 "Completely agree", where a higher score is a better outcome. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Recruitment Period: September 24 2024 - October 1 2024 in harm reduction organization
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Stress First Aid Harm Reduction Workers received Stress First Aid training and learning collaboratives | 35 |
| Total | 35 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Stress First Aid |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 47.52 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.93 |
| Baseline Mean Beliefs in Stress First Aid (SFA) | 3.93 Score on a Scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.58 |
| Baseline Mean Confidence in Stress First Aid (SFA) | 3.06 Score on a Scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.63 |
| Baseline Mean Knowledge of Stress First Aid (SFA) | 3.15 Score on a Scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.61 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 4 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 28 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 4 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 6 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 22 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Female | 22 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Male | 10 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Unknown or Not Reported | 3 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 0 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 0 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 0 |
Outcome results
Primary
Mean Acceptability of SFA Assessed by Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM)
A 4-item, 5-point Likert-type scale from Weiner et al., 2017, with a minimum score 1 Completely disagree, maximum score 5 Completely agree, where a higher score is a better outcome.
Time frame: Immediately after the 2-hour, in-person training.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stress First Aid | Mean Acceptability of SFA Assessed by Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM) | 4.40 Score on a Scale | Standard Deviation 0.79 |
Primary
Mean Appropriateness of SFA Assessed by Intervention Appropriateness Measure (IAM)
A 4-item, 5-point Likert-type scale from Weiner et al., 2017, with a minimum score 1 Completely disagree, maximum score 5 Completely agree, where a higher score is a better outcome.
Time frame: Immediately after the 2-hour, in-person training.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stress First Aid | Mean Appropriateness of SFA Assessed by Intervention Appropriateness Measure (IAM) | 4.56 Score on a Scale | Standard Deviation 0.8 |
Primary
Mean Beliefs in Stress First Aid (SFA) Assessed by Stress First Aid Knowledge, Confidence, and Beliefs - Beliefs Sub-Scale at 4 Months
A 5-item, 5-point Likert type sub-scale of Stress First Knowledge, Confidence, and Beliefs Scale, developed by the developers of Stress First Aid (SFA), with a minimum score 1 Does not describe me at all, maximum score 5 Describes me very well, where a higher score is a better outcome.
Time frame: Assessed from enrollment to the end of the intervention at 4 months, 4 months reported
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stress First Aid | Mean Beliefs in Stress First Aid (SFA) Assessed by Stress First Aid Knowledge, Confidence, and Beliefs - Beliefs Sub-Scale at 4 Months | 4.26 Score on a Scale | Standard Deviation 0.41 |
Primary
Mean Confidence in Stress First Aid (SFA) Assessed by Stress First Aid Knowledge, Confidence, and Beliefs - Confidence Sub-Scale at 4 Months
A 6-item, 5-point Likert type sub-scale of Stress First Knowledge, Confidence, and Beliefs Scale, developed by the developers of Stress First Aid (SFA), with a minimum score 1 Does not describe me at all, maximum score 5 Describes me very well, where a higher score is a better outcome.
Time frame: Assessed from enrollment to the end of the intervention at 4 months, 4 months reported
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stress First Aid | Mean Confidence in Stress First Aid (SFA) Assessed by Stress First Aid Knowledge, Confidence, and Beliefs - Confidence Sub-Scale at 4 Months | 3.90 Score on a Scale | Standard Deviation 0.56 |
Primary
Mean Feasibility of SFA Assessed by Feasibility of Intervention Measure (FIM)
A 4-item, 5-point Likert-type scale from Weiner et al., 2017, with a minimum score 1 Completely disagree, maximum score 5 Completely agree, where a higher score is a better outcome.
Time frame: Immediately after the 2-hour, in-person training.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stress First Aid | Mean Feasibility of SFA Assessed by Feasibility of Intervention Measure (FIM) | 4.45 Score on a Scale | Standard Deviation 0.58 |
Primary
Mean Knowledge of Stress First Aid (SFA) Assessed by Stress First Aid Knowledge, Confidence, and Beliefs - Knowledge Sub-Scale at 4 Months
A 3-item, 5-point Likert type sub-scale of Stress First Knowledge, Confidence, and Beliefs Scale, developed by the developers of Stress First Aid (SFA), with a minimum score 1 Does not describe me at all, maximum score 5 Describes me very well, where a higher score is a better outcome.
Time frame: Assessed from enrollment to the end of the intervention at 4 months, 4 months reported
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stress First Aid | Mean Knowledge of Stress First Aid (SFA) Assessed by Stress First Aid Knowledge, Confidence, and Beliefs - Knowledge Sub-Scale at 4 Months | 4.01 Score on a Scale | Standard Deviation 0.54 |