The Effect of Laughter Yoga Practice in Hypertension Patients

Hypertension, Laughter Yoga

Hypertension, Sleep Quality, laughter yoga, anxiety, treatment compliance

Hypertension (HT), which is defined as an arterial blood pressure higher than 140/90 mmHg, is an important health problem because it causes serious complications and is commonly seen in the community. Laughter as an expression of humour has been accepted as a good medicine for centuries. It is also one of the practices used in nursing care according to the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC). Laughter yoga developed by Dr. Madan Kataria, an Indian medical doctor, in 1995 includes deep breathing exercises, meditation, childish games and laughter without humour. In practice, individual sessions as well as group sessions can be held. It is important to form groups of at least 5 people in terms of the dynamics of the group. The first stage in laughter yoga is warm-up exercises. Hands are clapped parallel to each other, acupuncture points are stimulated by stimulating the fingertips and palms as clapping is performed, and a vocal rhythm in the form of ho, ho, ha-ha-ha is added to the last clapping movement. In the second stage, breathing exercises, the participants raise their arms to the sky as if praying, inhale and hold their breath for 4-5 seconds after deep inspiration and exhale rhythmically and slowly. The third stage includes childish games. The last stage is the stage of laughter exercises in which unreasonable laughter is thrown by imagining situations as if they did not exist. These exercises include milkshake laughter exercises, lion laughter, hot soup laughter, hugging laughter, bird laughter, etc. It is recommended that each session should be at least 20 minutes and should be applied for at least 8 weeks. At the end of the session, individuals are provided to relax by meditation. The aim of this thesis study; * Developing the Laughter Yoga Satisfaction Scale and * To investigate the effect of laughter yoga practice on anxiety, sleep quality, treatment compliance and satisfaction in hypertension patients. Hypotheses of the study H1-1: Laughter Yoga Satisfaction Scale is a valid scale. H2-1: Laughter Yoga Satisfaction Scale is a reliable scale. H3-1: Laughter yoga reduces the anxiety level of hypertension patients. H4-1: Laughter yoga improves the sleep quality of hypertension patients. H5-1: Laughter yoga increases the level of compliance with treatment in hypertension patients. H6-1: Hypertension patients have a high level of satisfaction with laughter yoga. H7-1: Laughter yoga has positive effects on vital signs of hypertension patients.

Patient Information Form: In the form developed by the researcher as a result of literature review, some sociodemographic characteristics of the patients (age, gender, educational status, marital status, social security, employment and income status, smoking and alcohol use) were included. and medical characteristics (duration of HT diagnosis, medications used, presence of hypertension in the family, other chronic diseases) will be included. Life Findings Record Form: The researcher will measure the patient's blood pressure, oxygen saturation, pulse and respiratory rate, body temperature 10 minutes before and 10 minutes after the laughter yoga session and record them on this form. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI): The scale consists of 18 items and 7 components. The total PDQI score is the sum of the scores of these components and the total score takes a value between 0-21. A PDQI total score \>5 indicates 'poor sleep quality' and a PDQI total score \<5 indicates 'good sleep quality'. The Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of the Turkish version of the scale was found to be 0.80. State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI): The scale consists of two separate forms, a 20-item State Anxiety Scale and a 20-item Trait Anxiety Scale. The total score value obtained from the scales is between 20 and 80 points. Scores close to 80 points indicate a high level of anxiety. Scale reliability according to Kuder-Richardson reliability: 0.83 to 0.87 for Trait Anxiety Scale and 0.94 to 0.96 for State Anxiety Scale. Item reliability correlations were found between 0.34 and 0.72 for the Trait Anxiety Scale and between 0.42 and 0.85 for the State Anxiety Scale. In the scale, which measures momentary (temporary) anxiety at a reliable level, participants tick the most appropriate option from the options of not at all, a little, a lot or completely for each statement in the state anxiety scores. Positive scores (increasing the total anxiety score) are given for items; negative scores (decreasing the total anxiety score) are given for items. During the evaluation, a score between 1 (or -1) and 4 (or -4) is given for each item according to the positive or negative feature of the item and a constant of 50 is added to the total score to be obtained. The highest score is 80 and the lowest score is 20. The higher the total anxiety score, the higher the anxiety level of the respondent. Hill-Bone Hypertension Treatment Compliance Scale: The four-point Likert-type scale (0=never, 1=sometimes, 2=most of the time and 3=always) consists of 14 items and has three sub-dimensions including interview, medical and nutrition. The scores that can be obtained from the scale vary between 0 (perfect agreement) and 42 (incompatible). As the score obtained from the scale increases, treatment compliance decreases. While the Cronbach alpha value of the original scale was found to be 0.84, the Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of the Turkish version was found to be 0.83. Laughter Yoga Satisfaction Scale: In the first stage of the research, the scale developed by the researcher and the validity-reliability study will be used.

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Turkey (Türkiye)