Diabetes, Low Muscle Mass
Conditions
Keywords
low muscle mass, diabetes, HMB, exercise
Brief summary
The investigators aimed to examine if β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation enhances the effects of exercise on muscle mass, physical performance and insulin resistance and observe potential residual effects in older diabetes with low muscle mass, and to find the optimal treatment plan.
Detailed description
The interaction between exercise and nutritional supplementation is unclear among older diabetes at risk of sarcopenia. The investigators aimed to examine if β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation enhances the effects of exercise on muscle mass, physical performance and insulin resistance and observe potential residual effects in older diabetes with low muscle mass, and to find the optimal treatment plan. This 12-wk, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, 2 × 2 factorial design (exercise-only, HMB-only, both, and none) trial included 120 older diabetes aged 60-80 y with skeletal muscle index \<5.7 kg/m2 for women, and \<7.0 kg/m2 for men, and was followed by a 12-wk observational period.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTHMB
Participants were instructed to take active products including 3000 mg calcium-HMB per day
BEHAVIORALExercise
Participants allocated to the exercise programs were provided 45 min of supervised sessions on 2 nonconsecutive days per week
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTPlacebo
Participants were instructed to take active products including equal in quality resistant dextrin per day
OTHEREducation
Participants were given health education and educational manuals
Sponsors
Wu Shangling
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
FACTORIAL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
60 Years to 80 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Aged 60-80 ; * Diagnosis of T2DM * Low muscle mass: met a reference value for low muscle mass defined by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria with skeletal muscle index \<5.7 kg/m2 for women and \<7.0 kg/m2 for men
Exclusion criteria
* Individuals who had an organic disease of the nervous system; * Who were restricted from engaging in exercise by a medical doctor; * Who was unconscious and unable to complete the questionnaire; * Who used other supplementations for muscle mass gain; * Who had impaired cardiac, kidney, or liver function.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| muscle mass | 0 and 12 weeks | Body composition including muscle mass was measured using a segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance device (Inbody) |
| Handgrip strength | 0 and 12 weeks | Handgrip strength was measured using a handheld Smedley-type dynamometer. |
| 5-repetition sit-to-stand time | 0 and 12 weeks | Participants folded their arms across their chests and were instructed to stand-up completely and make firm contact when sitting. Timing began on the command "go" and ceased when the participants sat after the fifth stand-up. Participants were allowed a practice trial of 2 repetitions before the timing of 2 test trials of 5 repetitions. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| insulin resistance index | 0 and 12 weeks | Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated as follow: HOMA-IR=(Fasting Insulin (μU/mL)×Fasting Glucose (mg/dL))/405 |
Contacts
CONTACTShangling Wu
STUDY_CHAIRShangling Wu
First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University
Outcome results
None listed