Vaccination Behavior
Conditions
Keywords
Children vaccine, Simultaneous vaccination, Combination vaccines
Brief summary
This study aims to optimize pediatric vaccine scheduling in China . The first objective is to gather information on current vaccine schedules in China. The second objective is to evaluate the impact of simultaneous vaccination and combination vaccines on costs and vaccination rates through feedback from caregivers and vaccination staff.
Detailed description
The first objective will comprehensively collect vaccination programs for children under 6 years old in all 31 provinces of China (excluding Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan), covering both NIP and non-NIP vaccines that are suitable for children. The second objective is to evaluate the impact of simultaneous vaccination and combination vaccines on costs and vaccination rates. This will involve analyzing vaccination coverage for simultaneous vaccines across different regions in China, as well as assessing caregivers' perspectives on simultaneous vaccination, including their willingness, preferences, and factors influencing their vaccination decisions. Additionally, the study will explore vaccination staff attitudes, recommendation behaviors, and their reasons for recommending simultaneous and combination vaccines. For the survey, the sample will consist of caregivers of children (aged between 2 to 59 months) from 10 representative provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions as well as vaccination staff from institutions in the respective regions.
Interventions
OTHERNo intervention
This is an observational study without any interventions.
Sponsors
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, China
MSD China Holding Co Ltd
Peking University
Study design
Observational model
ECOLOGIC_OR_COMMUNITY
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
2 Months to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
\- For caregivers of children * Children aged ≥2 months and ≤59 months * Caregivers informed consent obtained For vaccination staff * All vaccination staff currently working at the selected community health service centers or township health clinics on the day of the survey For retrospective analysis * Children aged 5 years and under; with complete vaccination records. Complete vaccination records refer to a child having received all vaccines required by the NIP for their age group, with accurate dates recorded for each vaccination dose.
Exclusion criteria
\- For caregivers of children * Caregivers who are unable to participate in the survey due to physical or other objective reasons * Caregivers with communication barriers * Caregivers who do not consent to participate in the survey For vaccination staff * Vaccination staff who do not consent to participate in the survey For retrospective analysis * Children whose vaccination records are missing or incomplete * Children whose vaccination has been delayed or not received due to medical contraindications.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| The economic value of optimized vaccination scheduling strategies | 2025.08-2025.09 | This study will comprehensively collect vaccination programs for children under 6 years old in all 31 provinces of China (excluding Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan), covering both NIP and non-NIP vaccines that are suitable for children. The economic value of optimized vaccination scheduling strategies with simultaneous vaccination and combination vaccines will be assessed using a cost-minimization and budget impact model with inputs collected in this study. The optimized vaccination scheduling strategie will be collected in this study through a literature review, a cross-sectional caregiver survey, a survey among vaccination staff, and an observational time and motion chart among the latter population. |
| Caregivers' willingness to simultaneous vaccination and combined vaccines | 2025.08-2025.09 | To evaluate the acceptance and willingness of different vaccination strategies, the survey will collect caregivers' knowledge, attitudes, and preferences on optimized vaccine scheduling strategies including simultaneous vaccination and combination vaccines, as well as factors influencing their decisions , such as the vaccination status of siblings of other children and elderly family members over 60 years old. The primary outcome variable will be willingness to simultaneous vaccination and combined vaccines, assessed using a 5-point ordinal scale (from very unwilling to very willing). |
| Immunization records and vaccination coverage | 2025.08-2025.09 | Using data collected from children's immunization records, a retrospective analysis will explore how previous simultaneous vaccination behaviors affect their vaccination rate. By comparing the vaccination rates at different ages between children receiving vaccines concomitantly vs. separately and children who uses combination vaccines vs. single vaccines, the study will evaluate whether the optimized vaccine scheduling strategies including simultaneous vaccination and combination vaccines have an impact on children's vaccination coverage. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Recommendation to simultaneous vaccination and combined vaccines | 2025.08-2025.09 | A survey will be used to evaluate the attitudes and recommendation behaviors among vaccination staff towards optimized vaccine scheduling strategies including simultaneous vaccination and combination vaccines. The outcome variable will be recommendation behavior, assessed on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from strongly recommend to strongly not recommend. To examine the perceived difficulty of vaccine scheduling, the survey will collect potential contributing factors: complexity of immunization schedules, inaccuracy of manual scheduling, limited implementation of simultaneous vaccination strategies, insufficient use of combination vaccines, high demand for catch-up vaccination, and lack of clear guidance for non-NIP vaccines. |
| Vaccine hesitancy | 2025.08-2025.09 | Questions were designed in the questionnaire to evaluate the degree of vaccine hesitancy of interviewees. Respondents will be asked abound their confidence, convenience and complacency about vaccination of different non-NIP vaccines, so as to further explore the influencing factors of people's vaccination behaviors. |
Countries
China
Outcome results
None listed