Digital Intervention, Oral Health Behavior Change
Conditions
Brief summary
This study evaluates a 16-week parent-focused digital intervention to improve oral health practices in children aged 6-10 through daily reminders, quizzes, challenges, gamification, and behavior tracking, supported by an optional moderated WhatsApp group for peer engagement and motivation.
Detailed description
The intervention includes daily reminders with two brushing cues and one snack tip to reinforce habits. Weekly quizzes with 3-5 questions assess knowledge, while photo/video tasks such as Show your foam smile or Healthy lunchbox challenge keep engagement high. Gamification features badges for streaks like a 7-day brushing badge or snack swap champion. Parents track brushing, flossing, and snack swaps via a 1-tap tracker, supported by an optional moderated WhatsApp group.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALOral Health in Hands - Parent Digital Program
The 16-week parent-focused digital intervention aims to improve oral health practices in children aged 6-10 by empowering parents through structured, engaging, and cost-effective activities. Parents receive daily reminders, including two brushing cues and one snack tip, to reinforce healthy routines. Weekly quizzes with 3-5 questions enhance knowledge retention, while interactive photo or video tasks such as Show your foam smile or Healthy lunchbox challenge promote family involvement and fun. Gamification strategies include awarding digital badges for streaks, such as the 7-day brushing badge and snack swap champion, to maintain motivation. Parents track brushing, flossing, and snack swaps using a simple 1-tap tracker, ensuring easy and consistent reporting. An optional moderated WhatsApp group provides a platform for sharing tips, photos, and encouragement, fostering a supportive peer community. The intervention combines education, habit formation, and social support to sustainab
Sponsors
Universiti Putra Malaysia
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
DOUBLE (Caregiver, Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
Investigators and outcome assessors will be blinded
Intervention model description
It is two arm randomized control trial
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
6 Years to 10 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Parents or primary caregivers of children aged 6-10 years. * Child must be free from major systemic illnesses or developmental disabilities that could interfere with oral hygiene practices. * Parent/caregiver owns a smartphone with access to WhatsApp or similar digital platform. * Ability to read or understand Urdu or English instructions. * Willingness to participate for the full 12-week duration and provide informed consent.
Exclusion criteria
* Children with serious medical conditions (e.g., immunodeficiency, congenital anomalies) that may affect oral health. * Parents or children currently enrolled in another oral health education or digital intervention program. * Children who have received professional oral health education or structured interventions within the past 4 months. * Parents/caregivers unwilling or unable to comply with digital reporting and participation requirements.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Oral health practices | 4-months | Oral health practices by using the WHO Child Oral Health Questionnaire: o assess children's oral health practices through a structured set of questions. These questionnaires typically cover knowledge, attitude, and practices related to oral hygiene, including frequency of brushing, use of fluoride toothpaste, and dental visits. The score is used to evaluate the overall oral health practices of the child, often categorized as good, fair, or poor. |
| Oral Hygiene | 4-months | Oral Hygiene will be assessed by the presence of debris (plaque) and calculus (tartar) on selected tooth surfaces, measured by the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) Individual Debris Index (DI-S) and Calculus Index (CI-S): Each of the six surfaces is scored individually for both debris and calculus using a 0-3 scale: 0: No debris or calculus is present. 1: Debris or calculus covers less than one-third of the surface. 2: Debris or calculus covers between one-third and two-thirds of the surface. 3: Debris or calculus covers more than two-thirds of the surface. Good: 0.0 - 1.2 Fair: 1.3 - 3.0 Poor: 3.1 - 6.0 |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Plaque score | 4-months | Oral Hygiene will be assessed by the presence of debris (plaque) and calculus (tartar) on selected tooth surfaces, measured by the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) Individual Debris Index (DI-S) and Calculus Index (CI-S): Each of the six surfaces is scored individually for both debris and calculus using a 0-3 scale: 0: No debris or calculus is present. 1: Debris or calculus covers less than one-third of the surface. 2: Debris or calculus covers between one-third and two-thirds of the surface. 3: Debris or calculus covers more than two-thirds of the surface. Good: 0.0 - 1.2 Fair: 1.3 - 3.0 Poor: 3.1 - 6.0 |
| Gingival score | 4-months | Gingival score assessed by the gingival score index: 0: Normal gingiva, no inflammation. 1: Mild inflammation - slight color change and edema (swelling), no bleeding on probing. 2: Moderate inflammation - redness, edema, glazing, and bleeding on probing. 3: Severe inflammation - marked redness, edema, ulceration, and tendency towards spontaneous bleeding. The index typically uses a scale of 0 to 3, with 0 representing normal gingiva and higher scores indicating increasing severity of inflammation |
Countries
Pakistan
Contacts
Primary ContactMUHAMMAD ARSHED, PhD
Outcome results
None listed