Mindfulness Training
Conditions
Keywords
mindfulness, Schizophrenia, Psychoeducation, Nursing
Brief summary
This study aimed to determine the effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction training on anger management and functional recovery in patients with schizophrenia. The study will be conducted at a CMHC in Ağrı province between May and August 2021. At the CMHC, community-based mental health services are provided to patients with severe mental disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder) who are in remission as assessed by a psychiatrist. The study is planned to be conducted with patients who meet the study criteria, without using a sample selection method. Patients over the age of 18 registered with CMHC and followed with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were contacted by phone and invited to CMHC. The study was conducted with patients who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate (psychoeducational group, mindfulness group, control group). Data will be collected using the Descriptive Characteristics Form, the State and Trait Anger Inventory, and the SILO. The mindfulness group received 16 sessions of MBRS training, and the psychoeducational group received an 8-session psychoeducational program. The control group received no intervention. The study sample size was calculated using the GPower computer program. Power analysis at α=0.05 yielded an effect size of 150, 153 (d=0.8), and the study had 90% power. Therefore, it was calculated that a minimum of 68 patients should be included in the sample.
Detailed description
Study data were collected by the researcher through face-to-face interviews. The study included individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia who met the inclusion criteria (registration in a CMHC, having a diagnosis of schizophrenia, willingness to participate in the study, and openness to communication and collaboration). Pre-test measurement instruments were administered to the participants. The mindfulness group then received 16 sessions of MBRS training, and the psychoeducation group received an 8-session psychoeducation program. The control group received no intervention. Post-test data were collected following the training sessions.
Interventions
OTHERSession 11: Coping with Difficult Emotions
\*Facing Difficulties meditation \*
OTHERSession 14: The Joy of Small Things
\*Treasure of Pleasure Meditation \*Habit Breaker: Letter to Self.
OTHERSession 12: Mindful Communication
\*Communication & mindful communication \*The importance of communication skills \*Fundamentals of communication, self-language practice \*Ways to prevent communication accidents
OTHERSession 13: Different Connections
\*Breathing meditation. \*Habit Breaker: Thought and Emotional Play.
OTHERSession 1: Preparatory Session
\*Meeting the patients \*Introducing the content of mindfulness-based stress reduction training \*Emphasizing the importance of regular and timely attendance at training \*Determining training dates \*Sharing individuals' experiences and expectations
OTHERSession 2: Mindfulness
\*What is mindfulness? \*Being aware of daily activities. \*Raisin meditation.
OTHERSession 3: Our Perspectives on Ourselves and the World
\*Breathing meditation. \*Habit Breaker: Watching the Sky.
OTHERSession 4: Body Scan *Body scan meditation.
\*Ten-finger gratitude practice. \*Habit Breaker: Spending some time in nature.
OTHERSession 5: Recognizing Schizophrenia
\*What is schizophrenia? \*What are its symptoms? \*What does treatment involve?
OTHERSession 6: Mindful Movement
\*Mindfulness movement meditation practice \*
OTHERSession 7: Mindful Breathing
\*Breathing meditation \*
OTHERSession 8: Treatment Evaluation
\*The importance of medication \*Things to consider when using medication \*Side effects of medication \*What is a flare-up in schizophrenia? \*What are the precursor symptoms?
OTHERSession 9: Mindful Thinking
\*Sounds and thoughts meditation \*Cinema activity.
OTHERSession 10: Coping with Anger
\*What is anger? \*What are its symptoms? \*What are the coping methods?
OTHERSession 15: Dwelling on the Past or Living in the Present?
\*Friendship-Building Meditation \*Habit Breaker: Random Acts of Kindness.
OTHERSession 16: Evaluation
\*Reinforcing What Has Been Learned. \*Evaluating the Program. \*Obtaining Feedback.
OTHERSession 1: Group 2, Preparation Session
\*Meeting Patients \*Introducing the Content of Psychoeducation \*Emphasizing the Importance of Regular and Timely Attendance at Training \*Determining Training Dates \*Sharing Individuals' Experiences and Expectations
OTHERSession 2: Group 2, Recognizing the Illness
\*What is Schizophrenia? \*What are its Symptoms? \*What Does Treatment Include?
OTHERSession 3: Group 2, Treatment Evaluation
\*Things to Consider When Using Medication \*Side Effects of Medication \*Exacerbation of Schizophrenia \*Precursor Symptoms.
OTHERSession 4: Group 2, What is anger?
\*What are the symptoms of anger? \*What are the methods for coping with anger?
OTHERSession 5: Group 2, Communication
\*What is communication? \*The importance of communication. \*Fundamentals of communication, working on I language. \*Ways to prevent communication difficulties.
OTHERSession 6: Group 2, What is relaxation?
What is progressive relaxation? Introducing a relaxation CD
OTHERSession 7: Group 2, Relaxation
Practicing the relaxation CD with patients
OTHERSession 8: Group 2, Evaluation
\*Reinforcing what has been learned. \*Evaluating the program. \*Obtaining feedback
Sponsors
Ataturk University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 60 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Being registered with a CMHC * Being diagnosed with schizophrenia * Being between the ages of 18 and 60 * Being willing to participate in the study * Being open to communication and cooperation * Being in remission
Exclusion criteria
* Not being open to communication and cooperation
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Personal Information Form | up to 1 day | This form consists of a total of eight questions (age, gender, marital status, education level, duration of illness, income, family history of mental illness, and employment status) developed by the researcher based on literature and includes the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| The State-Trait Anger Scale (STAS) | up to 1 day | This is a self-report scale measuring the feeling and expression of anger. It was developed by Spielberger et al., and its Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted by Özer. The Cronbach's alpha obtained in this study was 0.84. The scale is a four-point Likert-type scale consisting of four subscales: anger-in, anger-out, anger control, and trait anger, and 34 items. High scores on the trait anger dimension indicate high anger levels, high scores on the anger control dimension indicate that anger can be controlled, high scores on the anger-out dimension indicate that anger is easily expressed, and high scores on the anger-in dimension indicate that anger is suppressed. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Functional Recovery Scale in Schizophrenia (FRS) | up to 1 day | The Functional Recovery Scale in Schizophrenia (FRS) was developed by Llorca et al. in 2009. The scale's validity and reliability in Turkey were conducted by Emiroğlu in 2009. The validity and reliability coefficient of the scale was determined to be 0.94. In this study, the Chronbach's alpha coefficient was determined to be 0.91. It is a 5-point Likert-type scale consisting of 19 items and 4 subscales. As the scores on the scale increase, the level of functional recovery increases. Dimensions: Social Functioning (7 items), Health and Treatment (4 items), Daily Living Skills (6 items), Occupational Functioning (2 items). The lowest score that can be obtained from the scale is 19, the highest score is 95. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed