Dental Caries, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Severity
Conditions
Brief summary
This study aimed to assess the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) severity (based on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy) and dental caries severity.
Detailed description
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic condition characterized by reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus, with a prevalence reaching 20-30% in many populations. Beyond its gastrointestinal manifestations, GERD may have extraesophageal effects, including oral health disturbances such as dental erosion and caries. Exposure of the oral cavity to gastric acid, especially in patients with severe or nocturnal reflux, may contribute to enamel demineralization, increased tooth decay, and lower salivary pH.
Interventions
DEVICEEndoscopy
Endoscopy will be performed to all patient
Sponsors
Tanta University
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Age 18-65 years. * Both sexes. * Diagnosed with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) by endoscopy. * Consent to participate.
Exclusion criteria
* Xerostomia-related disorders. * Recent antibiotics (last 4 weeks). * Head/neck radiation history. * Cognitive impairment affecting consent. * Pregnant or lactating women. * HbA1c above 6.4%.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) Index | 3 months post-procedure | The Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) Index was calculated as the sum of decayed, missing, and filled teeth, with scores ranging from 0 to 28 or 32, depending on the total number of teeth present. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Basic Erosive Wear Examination Index | 3 months post-procedure | The Basic Erosive Wear Examination Index was used to evaluate tooth surface erosion, with each of the six oral sextants scored based on the most severely affected tooth surface. Erosive wear was graded from 0 (no erosive wear) to 3 (hard tissue loss of 50 percent or greater of the surface area), with cumulative scores categorized into risk bands ranging from no risk (0-2) to high risk (≥14). |
| Plaque Index | 3 months post-procedure | The Plaque Index was assessed by examining four surfaces per tooth (buccal, lingual, mesial, and distal) and scoring plaque thickness from 0 (no plaque) to 3 (heavy plaque accumulation), with final scores calculated as the total plaque scores divided by the number of surfaces examined. |
| Salivary analysis | 3 months post-procedure | Saliva was accumulated in the mouth without stimulation and expectorated into sterile tubes every 60 seconds for five minutes. Salivary pH was measured immediately using a calibrated digital pH meter with measurements taken for 1-2 seconds in 1-2 mL samples. |
Countries
Egypt
Outcome results
None listed