Shoulder Pain Back Pain Postpartum Period, Back Pain, Postpartum Period
Conditions
Keywords
breastfeeding, ergonomics, musculoskeletal pain
Brief summary
The research will be conducted as a randomized controlled trial and mothers in the intervention group will receive training on posture correction,breastfeeding positions, and shoulder and back muscle strengthening movements. If you agree to participate in this study, you will first be asked to fill out a form regarding your demographic information and health history.Then, the following scales will be applied to evaluate breastfeeding ergonomics, shoulder-back pain, and musculoskeletal system functions:Demographic and Health Data Form, Breastfeeding Ergonomics Scale, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for Pain Assessment,Low Back Pain Function Scale, and Neck Disability Indicator Questionnaire. Mothers in the intervention group will receive training on body mechanics including posture awareness,breastfeeding positions, and shoulder and back muscle strengthening movements.The training will be conducted in the hospital and at 6 weeks and 3 months after discharge
Detailed description
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of body mechanics training on shoulder-back pain and breastfeeding ergonomics for breastfeeding mothers. The study is a randomized controlled intervention study. The study will be conducted in the postpartum ward of Ege University Medical Faculty Hospital. The required sample size for this study was calculated using a priori power analysis using the G\*Power 3.1 program. In the calculation, a minimum of 94 people were calculated as 47 for the intervention group and 47 for the control group for a 95% confidence interval and 80% power. The study will be applied to breastfeeding mothers who have given birth vaginally; women who have given birth by cesarean section will not be included. The initial data will be collected face-to-face. Breastfeeding status and pain levels will be evaluated before the mothers are discharged. It will be stated that the follow-up data of the intervention group will be collected via telephone interview and an interview-monitoring plan will be created together with the mother. The mothers in the intervention group will be called at 6 weeks and 3 months postpartum to evaluate their back and neck pain and breastfeeding ergonomics. The mothers in the control group will be called simultaneously with the intervention group at 6 weeks and 3 months postpartum to evaluate their back and neck pain. "Demographic and Health Data Form", "Breastfeeding Ergonomics Scale", "Visual Analog Scale" for pain assessment, Low Back Pain Function Scale, and neck disability questionnaire form will be used to collect data. After the research data are obtained, the data will be analyzed using SPSS 25.0 (Statistical, Package for. Social Sciences) program. Follow-up findings of the intervention and control groups; Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and ANCOVA will be applied to measurements with normal distribution in at least three independent group comparisons (within groups), and Kruskal Wallis analysis will be applied to measurements that do not have a normal distribution.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALbody mechanics training
Randomization: The "Demographic and Health Data Form" will be applied to the participants by the researcher responsible for randomization, and the information obtained will be kept in consecutively numbered, closed, opaque envelopes. The block randomization method will be used when dividing the participants into intervention and control groups. In order to ensure balance in important demographic and health-related variables, the participants will be randomized by stratifying them according to age. The person responsible for collecting the study data will be unaware of the randomization process until the researcher responsible for randomization reports the results. Intervention group: After the initial data collection, the breastfeeding behaviors of the mothers in the intervention group will be observed. Then, the mothers will be given training on ergonomic breastfeeding, correct breastfeeding positions and body mechanics to strengthen the musculoskeletal system during the breas
OTHERto inform
Kontrol grubundaki anneler, hastanenin rutin bakım hizmetleri kapsamında emzirme danışmanı ebe tarafından verilen bilgilendirme ve destek hizmetlerinden yararlanacaklardır. Ayrıca bu anneler için emzirme döneminde doğru duruş ve emzirme pozisyonlarında dikkat edilmesi gereken durumlar konusunda bir broşür hazırlanacak ve kendilerine verilecektir. Kontrol grubunun izlem verilerinin telefon görüşmesi yöntemi ile toplanacağı belirtilerek bir görüşme-izlem planı anne ile birlikte oluşturulacaktır. Kontrol grubundaki anneler müdahale grubu ile eşzamanlı olarak doğum sonu 6. Hafta ve 3.aylarda aranarak sırt ve boyun ağrıları değerlendirilecektir.
Sponsors
Ege University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
SINGLE (Caregiver)
Intervention model description
Randomization: The "Demographic and Health Data Form" will be applied to the participants by the researcher responsible for randomization, and the information obtained will be kept in consecutively numbered, closed, opaque envelopes. The block randomization method will be used to divide the participants into intervention and control groups. In order to ensure balance in important demographic and health-related variables, the participants will be randomized by stratifying them according to age. The person responsible for collecting the study data will be unaware of the randomization process until the researcher responsible for randomization reports the results.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Mother should be 18 years of age or older * Have given birth vaginally * Mother should be breastfeeding * Have good general physical health (no health problems), * Have no physical disabilities * Have no chronic disease (no circulatory, respiratory, endocrine, etc.) * Have not received any physical therapy or manual therapy in the last 6 months * Have no history of chronic pain related to the musculoskeletal system (fibromyalgia, chronic low back or neck pain, etc.) * Have a BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 * Have a healthy newborn * Plan to continue breastfeeding during the study period * Have no past or current health problems that may affect breastfeeding (breast surgery, use of medications that may affect breastfeeding, etc.) * The most less than primary level education
Exclusion criteria
* Mothers with any medical history * Mothers with postural problems (previously diagnosed serious postural disorders such as scoliosis, kyphosis or lordosis) * Having an orthopedic or neurological disorder diagnosed before or during pregnancy (herniated disc, nerve compression) * Having had a Caesarean section * Mothers not wanting to breastfeed * Mothers not wanting to participate in the study * Situations where the mother and baby must be separated * Mothers planning to start a different exercise program during the study
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Shoulder and Upper Back Pain Intensity in Breastfeeding Mothers Measured by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) | Baseline (hospital discharge), 6 weeks postpartum, 3 months postpartum | Pain intensity will be measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) in both the intervention and control groups. VAS is a 10-cm horizontal line where 0 indicates "no pain" and 10 indicates "worst pain imaginable." Scores will be recorded at baseline (hospital discharge), at 6 weeks, and at 3 months postpartum. The primary outcome is the difference in VAS scores between groups over time. |
| Change in Breastfeeding Ergonomics Score Measured by the Breastfeeding Ergonomics Assessment Scale (BEAS) | Baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months postpartum | The Breastfeeding Ergonomics Assessment Scale (BEAS), developed by Ekşioğlu \& Balcı (2024), consists of 14 items with a total score ranging from 14 to 42. Higher scores indicate greater ergonomic risk during breastfeeding. The scale will be administered at baseline (hospital discharge), at 6 weeks, and 3 months postpartum. The outcome is the change in BEAS score over time between the intervention and control groups. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Contacts
STUDY_DIRECTORAYSUN EKŞİOĞLU, Associate Professor
Ege University
Outcome results
None listed