Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy, Diet- Controlled
Conditions
Keywords
gestational diabetes, dash diet, Türkiye Nutrition Guide, diet
Brief summary
The aim of this clinical trial was to examine the effects of the Turkish Nutrition Guide Recommendations Diet and the DASH Diet on blood sugar, blood pressure, and biochemical parameters in patients with gestational diabetes. The study hypotheses are as follows: Hypothesis 1: The DASH diet reduces fasting blood glucose levels more in patients with gestational diabetes compared to a diet adapted to a healthy diet specific to Türkiye. Hypothesis 1: The DASH diet reduces insulin levels more in patients with gestational diabetes compared to a diet adapted to a healthy diet specific to Turkey. Hypothesis 1: The DASH diet reduces HbA1c levels more in patients with gestational diabetes compared to a diet adapted to a healthy diet specific to Türkiye. Hypothesis 1: The Dash diet reduces 1st-hour postprandial glucose levels more significantly in women with gestational diabetes compared to a diet adapted to a healthy diet typical of Türkiye. Participants: After being diagnosed with gestational diabetes by a doctor using an OGTT test at 24-28 weeks, the researcher will complete a general information form during their first consultation with the dietitian. For four weeks, the dietitian will follow the diets created by the researcher based on their assigned diet group in a blinded manner. They will record their fasting and postprandial blood sugar levels in the morning, noon, evening, night, and during snacks, if they are taking them. They will keep a 24-hour food consumption record before meeting with the researcher weekly. Participants will have their biochemical parameters assessed at the beginning of the study and at the end of the fourth week.
Interventions
OTHERTürkiye Nutrition Guideline Diet
A diet structured according to the Türkiye Nutrition Guideline (TÜBER) for pregnant women, consisting of 45-60% carbohydrates, 12-20% protein (minimum 70 g), and 20-35% fat. Diets were tailored weekly based on blood glucose levels and individual dietary intake records.
OTHERDASH Diet
A dietary plan based on DASH guidelines: 45-60% carbohydrates (≥175 g), 12-20% protein (≥70 g), 20-35% fat (≤6% saturated), ≤2300 mg sodium, ≥4700 mg potassium, ≥1250 mg calcium, ≥500 mg magnesium. Includes low-fat dairy, lean meats, fruits/vegetables, and nuts/seeds.
Sponsors
Kardelen Kandemir
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Intervention model description
Randomized single-blind. Participants were blinded.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 35 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Female participants aged 18 to 35 years * Singleton pregnancy * Clinical diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) * Ability to use a glucometer
Exclusion criteria
* Pre-gestational diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) * Hypoglycemia * Receiving insulin therapy * Development of preeclampsia * Failure to adhere to the prescribed diet * Smoking * Alcohol consumption
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in fasting blood glucose levels | Daily for 4 weeks | To monitor daily fasting blood glucose levels (mg/dL) using a glucometer throughout the 4-week intervention. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in fasting insulin level | Baseline and Week 4 | To evaluate changes in fasting insulin levels (µIU/mL) from baseline to the end of the 4-week intervention period. |
| Change in daily energy and nutrient intake based on 24-Hour Food Consumption Record | Baseline and weekly over 4 weeks | To assess participants' dietary intake patterns and nutrient adequacy by analyzing the 24-Hour Food Consumption Record collected at baseline and during follow-up. The analysis includes total daily energy intake (kcal) and macronutrient (carbohydrates, protein, fat) and micronutrient (iron, folic acid, vitamin D, etc.) intake levels. Energy: kcal/day Macronutrients: grams/day (carbohydrates, protein, fat) Micronutrients: mg or µg/day (iron, folic acid, vitamin D, etc.) |
| Change in lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides) | Baseline and Week 4 | To evaluate the effect of the dietary intervention on lipid metabolism by measuring changes in total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol (direct measurement), and triglyceride levels from baseline to week 4. Each parameter will be analyzed individually and reported in mg/dL. Total cholesterol (mg/dL) HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) LDL cholesterol - direct measurement (mg/dL) Triglycerides (mg/dL) |
| Change in 1-hour postprandial blood glucose levels | Daily for 4 weeks | To track 1-hour post-meal blood glucose levels (mg/dL) recorded daily throughout the study. |
| Change in vitamin and hematological markers (Vitamin D, folic acid, hemoglobin, hematocrit) | Baseline and Week 4 | To evaluate changes in nutritional and hematological status from baseline to the end of the intervention period. 25-OH vitamin D: mcg/L Folic acid: mcg/dL Hemoglobin: g/dL Hematocrit: % |
| Change in HbA1c level | Baseline and Week 4 | To assess the effect of the dietary intervention on long-term glycemic control by measuring HbA1c levels (%) before and after the intervention. |
| Change in iron-related parameters (iron, ferritin, total iron-binding capacity) | Baseline and Week 4 | To assess the effect of the intervention on iron status by measuring serum iron, ferritin, and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) at baseline and Week 4. Iron: mcg/dL Ferritin: mcg/L TIBC: mcg/dL |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed