Eupnea, Intermittent Inspiratory Muscle Training
Conditions
Keywords
Energy Expenditure, Metabolic Health, Pulse Wave Velocity, Inspiratory muscle training
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to investigate whether inspiratory muscle training has an immediate effect on energy expenditure, heart rate, blood glucose, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness in healthy adults, obese adults, and adults with type 2 diabetes.
Detailed description
Participants will be asked to complete two trials involving intermittent exercise, which will include eupnea and inspiratory muscle training (IMT), as well as a resting control condition, in a randomized crossover study design. The trials will be separated by a minimum of 48 hours and will be completed within a 7-day period. Throughout all trials, participants will be required to remain relaxed and seated on an adjustable examination bed. For the IMT intensity, participants will utilize an inspiratory muscle training device (PowerBreathe Plus, Powerbreathe International Ltd., UK) and adjust the resistance to a level at which breathing continuously for 20 breaths is perceived as "somewhat hard" (RPE = 13), according to the Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale. This will take place during a 3.5-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). During the trials, participants may watch television or read; however, typing on a laptop or computer will be prohibited.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALEupnea
Participants will breathe normally.
BEHAVIORALIntermittent inspiratory muscle training (IIMT)
Intermittent inspiratory muscle training (IIMT) will be conducted throughout the trial
Sponsors
National Taiwan Normal University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
20 Years to 45 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Healthy adults, obese adults and adults with type 2 diabetes * Aged between 20 to 45 years * Weight stable for more than 3 months (no change in weight +/- 3%) * Non-smoker * Non-highly trained athletic team members * Normal lifestyle patterns
Exclusion criteria
* Personal history of/existing hypertension, respiratory infectious disease, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease * Taking medications that may influence lipid or carbohydrate metabolism or immune system function
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Blood glycaemic responses | 0 (baseline), 30, 60, 120, and 210 minutes during the 210-minute trial | Changes in blood glycaemic responses between trials |
| Pulse wave velocity (PWV) | 0 (baseline), 30, 60, 90, 150, and 210 minutes during the 210-minute trial | Changes in pulse wave velocity between trials |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Energy expenditure | First 90 minutes during the 210-minute trial | Changes in energy expenditure between trials |
| Heart Rate Variability (HRV) | In a regular patterns during the 210-minute trial | Changes in Heart Rate Variability (HRV) between trials |
| Visual analogue scale (VAS) | Every 30 minutes during the 210-minute trial | Changes in the visual analogue scale (VAS) ranged from 0 to 100 mm, with higher values indicating a greater intensity of sensation between trials. |
| Perceived stress scale (PSS) | Every 30 minutes during the 210-minute trial | Changes in perceived stress scale (PSS) with higher values indicating a greater intensity of sensation between trials. |
Contacts
CONTACTYung-Chih Chen, PhD
Outcome results
None listed